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    This study models speckle noise decorrelation in digital holographic interferometry. The findings clarify how focus mismatch affects coherence, validated by simulations and experiments.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optical Physics
    • Metrology
    • Digital Holography

    Background:

    • Speckle noise is a significant challenge in digital holographic interferometry, affecting image quality and measurement accuracy.
    • Understanding speckle decorrelation is crucial for reliable quantitative phase measurements in holographic interferometry.
    • Out-of-focus reconstruction in digital holography can introduce artifacts and alter speckle properties.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a theoretical model for speckle noise decorrelation in out-of-focus reconstructed images within digital Fresnel holographic interferometry.
    • To investigate the influence of focus mismatch on the complex coherence factor in holographic interferometry.
    • To validate the proposed theoretical model using simulated and experimental data.

    Main Methods:

    • Theoretical modeling of speckle noise decorrelation considering focus mismatch.
    • Derivation of the complex coherence factor based on sensor-to-object and reconstruction distances.
    • Validation through numerical simulations and experimental holographic interferometry setups.

    Main Results:

    • A theoretical model accurately describes speckle noise decorrelation in out-of-focus holographic interferometry.
    • Focus mismatch significantly impacts the complex coherence factor, dependent on distances.
    • Excellent agreement between theoretical predictions, simulated data, and experimental results confirms the model's validity.
    • The phenomenon of anti-correlation in phase data was observed and analyzed.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed theoretical model provides a robust framework for understanding speckle decorrelation in digital holographic interferometry.
    • Accurate modeling of focus mismatch is essential for mitigating noise and improving measurement precision.
    • The findings have implications for enhancing the reliability of quantitative phase measurements in various holographic applications.