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Updated: Jul 31, 2025

Bovine Mammary Gland Biopsy Techniques
Published on: December 23, 2018
Immune defences of the mammary gland in dairy ruminants
Pierre Germon1, Rodrigo Prado Martins1
1ISP UMR 1282, INRAE, Université de Tours, Nouzilly, France.
Abstract:
The mammary gland (MG) of ruminants is essential for assuring the immune protection and nutrition of the suckling youngs. The domestication of these species aimed at increasing milk production for human consumption enhanced udder susceptibility to infections and in this context, a better understanding of the MG immune defences has become a cornerstone for the success of dairy farming. In this review, we explore constitutive and inducible immune mechanisms of the mammary gland and briefly discuss the knowledge gaps that remain to be elucidated for the implementation of strategies focused on boosting mammary immune responses.
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