Rapid Synthesis of Oxygen-Enriched Porous Carbon through a Microwave Method and Its Application in Supercapacitors

In this study, a strategy for the rapid and simple preparation of porous carbon (PC) using the microwave method was proposed. Oxygen-rich PC was synthesized by microwave irradiation in air, where potassium citrate and ZnCl₂ served as the carbon source and microwave absorber, respectively. ZnCl₂ achieves microwave absorption through dipole rotation, which uses ion conduction to convert heat energy in the reaction system. In addition, potassium salt etching improved the porosity of PCs. The PC prepared under optimal conditions had a large specific surface area (902 m²·g^-1) and exhibited a significant specific capacitance (380 F·g^-1) in the three-electrode system at 1 A·g^-1. The energy and power densities of the assembled symmetrical supercapacitor device based on PC-375W-0.4 were 32.7 W·h·kg^-1 and 0.65 kW·kg^-1, respectively, at a current density of 1 A·g^-1. Even after 5000 cycles at 5 A·g^-1 current density, the excellent cycle life retained 94% of its initial capacitance.