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Related Concept Videos

The Cochlea01:13

The Cochlea

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The cochlea is a coiled structure in the inner ear that contains hair cells—the sensory receptors of the auditory system. Sound waves are transmitted to the cochlea by small bones attached to the eardrum called the ossicles, which vibrate the oval window that leads to the inner ear. This causes fluid in the chambers of the cochlea to move, vibrating the basilar membrane.
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Hair Cells01:22

Hair Cells

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Hair cells are the sensory receptors of the auditory system—they transduce mechanical sound waves into electrical energy that the nervous system can understand. Hair cells are located in the organ of Corti within the cochlea of the inner ear, between the basilar and tectorial membranes. The actual sensory receptors are called inner hair cells. The outer hair cells serve other functions, such as sound amplification in the cochlea, and are not discussed in detail here.
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Hearing01:31

Hearing

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When we hear a sound, our nervous system is detecting sound waves—pressure waves of mechanical energy traveling through a medium. The frequency of the wave is perceived as pitch, while the amplitude is perceived as loudness.
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Perceiving Loudness, Pitch, and Location01:21

Perceiving Loudness, Pitch, and Location

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The human brain perceives pitch through two primary mechanisms reflected in place theory and frequency theory. Each mechanism describes how sound waves are interpreted as specific pitches by the brain, offering insights into the intricate processes of auditory perception.
Place theory, or place coding, suggests that different pitches are heard because various sound waves activate specific locations along the cochlea's basilar membrane. The brain determines the pitch of a sound by...
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Auditory Pathway01:15

Auditory Pathway

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Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral auditory system to the brain. Sound waves are initially captured by the outer ear, funneled through the ear canal, and reach the tympanic membrane (eardrum). These vibrations are transmitted via the middle ear's ossicles to the inner ear's cochlea.
When viewed cross-sectionally, the cochlea reveals the scala vestibuli and scala tympani flanking...
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Anatomy of the Ear01:16

Anatomy of the Ear

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Auditory sensation, commonly called hearing, involves the transformation of sonic waves into neural impulses facilitated by the structures of the auditory organ. The prominent, flesh-like structure on the side of the head, called the auricle, directs sound waves towards the auditory canal. The auricle is often mislabeled as the pinna, a term more aligned with mobile structures like a feline's external ear. The auditory canal penetrates the cranium via the external auditory meatus of the...
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Extracting the Cochlea from a Human Temporal Bone: A Cadaveric Protocol
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Event-driven spectrotemporal feature extraction and classification using a silicon cochlea model.

Ying Xu1, Samalika Perera1, Yeshwanth Bethi1

  • 1International Centre for Neuromorphic Systems, The MARCS Institute for Brain, Behavior, and Development, Western Sydney University, Kingswood, NSW, Australia.

Frontiers in Neuroscience
|May 5, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a reconfigurable digital cochlear system on an FPGA, utilizing novel event-driven processing for enhanced auditory feature extraction. The system demonstrates competitive performance against current methods on the TIDIGITS benchmark.

Keywords:
CAR-FACFEASTLIFSTRFelectronic cochleaevent-based feature extractionneuromorphic engineering

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Area of Science:

  • Digital Signal Processing
  • Auditory Neuroscience
  • Neuromorphic Engineering

Background:

  • Traditional auditory processing systems face limitations in real-time, low-power computation.
  • Event-based systems offer a promising alternative for efficient sensory data processing.
  • Implementing complex cochlear models on hardware requires efficient digital architectures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a reconfigurable digital implementation of an event-based binaural cochlear system on an FPGA.
  • To introduce an event-driven SpectroTemporal Receptive Field (STRF) Feature Extraction using Adaptive Selection Thresholds (FEAST).
  • To evaluate the system's performance against existing auditory processing techniques.

Main Methods:

  • Digital implementation of Cascade of Asymmetric Resonators with Fast Acting Compression (CAR-FAC) cochlea models.
  • Integration of leaky integrate-and-fire (LIF) neurons for event-based signal processing.
  • Development and application of the event-driven FEAST algorithm for feature extraction.

Main Results:

  • The reconfigurable FPGA implementation successfully processes binaural auditory signals in an event-driven manner.
  • The proposed FEAST method effectively extracts spectro-temporal features using adaptive thresholds.
  • Performance evaluation on the TIDIGITS benchmark shows competitive results compared to state-of-the-art approaches.

Conclusions:

  • The developed FPGA-based binaural cochlear system provides an efficient and reconfigurable platform for event-based auditory processing.
  • The novel event-driven FEAST feature extraction method shows significant potential for auditory signal analysis.
  • This work contributes to the advancement of neuromorphic auditory sensing and processing.