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Updated: Jul 31, 2025

Hydrophobic Salt-modified Nafion for Enzyme Immobilization and Stabilization
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Converting Nafion into Li+ -Conductive Nanoporous Materials.

Weitao Gao1, Li Sheng1, Jia Chen1

  • 1Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|May 5, 2023
PubMed
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Sulfonated polymers, like Nafion, can form nanoporous channels for efficient lithium-ion (Li+) transport in batteries. This approach enhances lithium-ion battery performance and stabilizes lithium-metal anodes.

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Polymer Science

Background:

  • Sulfonated polymers are known proton conductors for fuel cells.
  • Their ionic transport properties are attractive for lithium-ion/metal batteries (LIBs/LMBs).
  • Current applications primarily use them as direct ionic carriers, limiting potential as nanoporous transport media.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore sulfonated polymers as nanoporous media for efficient lithium-ion (Li+) transport networks.
  • To demonstrate effective Li+-conducting channels using swollen nanofibrous Nafion.
  • To enhance Li+ transport by leveraging sulfonic acid groups and electrolyte interactions.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing nanofibrous Nafion, a sulfonated polymer, as a membrane.
  • Interacting sulfonic acid groups with liquid electrolytes to create a porous ionic matrix.
Keywords:
Nafionlithium metal batteriesnanoporous materialssulfonated polymerstheoretical calculation

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  • Employing Li-symmetric cells and Li-metal full cells with various cathodes (Li4Ti5O12, LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2) for testing.

    • Main Results:

    • Effective Li+-conducting channels were realized in swollen Nafion.
    • The porous ionic matrix facilitated partial desolvation of Li+-solvates, enhancing Li+ transport.
    • Demonstrated excellent cycling performance and stabilized Li-metal anodes in tested battery configurations.

    Conclusions:

    • Swollen sulfonated polymers can serve as efficient Li+-conducting electrolytes by forming nanoporous transport networks.
    • This strategy offers a pathway to utilize the broader sulfonated polymer family for advanced battery electrolytes.
    • Promotes the development of high-energy-density lithium-metal batteries (LMBs).