Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Urodynamic Studies: Uroflowmetry01:19

Urodynamic Studies: Uroflowmetry

158
Uroflowmetry is a non-invasive urodynamic test designed to measure various aspects of urination, including volume, flow rate, and the time to void. This test is crucial for diagnosing and assessing conditions such as bladder outlet obstruction, bladder dysfunction, incomplete bladder emptying, incontinence, and urinary tract blockages caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and urethral strictures.Pre-Test Instructions:Before a uroflowmetry test, patients are typically advised to drink...
158
Disorders of the Male Reproductive System01:20

Disorders of the Male Reproductive System

487
Men's health issues are increasingly recognized as significant, with several conditions posing common threats. Among these, testicular cancer is especially prevalent in younger men, particularly those aged 20 to 35 years. The disease often manifests as a painless mass in the testicles, sometimes accompanied by a sensation of heaviness or a dull ache.
Prostate disorders are another major concern. These conditions can impair urinary flow due to the prostate's location around the urethra....
487
Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra01:19

Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra

151
The lower urinary system consists of the urinary bladder and urethra, which are essential in storing and expelling urine from the body. Together with the internal and external sphincters, these structures work together to regulate urination effectively.Anatomy of the BladderThe urinary bladder is a muscular, stretchable organ behind the pubic bone and in front of the rectum. In females, the bladder is positioned anterior to the vagina and inferior to the uterus, while in males, it is located...
151
The Ratio of X Chromosome to Autosomes02:45

The Ratio of X Chromosome to Autosomes

8.6K
In most organisms, sex is determined by the ratio of X and Y chromosomes. However, in some organisms, such as Drosophila and C.elegans, sex is determined by the ratio of the number of X chromosomes to the number of sets of autosomes. The Y chromosome in Drosophila is active but does not determine sex. It contains genes responsible for the production of sperms in adult flies.  
Normal male Drosophila has a ratio of one X chromosome to two sets of autosomes. In contrast, normal female...
8.6K
The Y Chromosome Determines Maleness02:19

The Y Chromosome Determines Maleness

6.7K
The Y chromosome is a sex chromosome found in several vertebrates and mammals, including humans. In addition to 22 pairs of autosomes, the human males have one X chromosome and one Y chromosome. In these organisms, the presence or absence of the Y chromosome determines the development of male traits.
Evolution
Around 300 million years ago, the two sex chromosomes diverged from two identical autosomal chromosomes. Over time, the Y chromosome has lost most of its genes, shrinking in size....
6.7K
Physiology of the Genitourinary System III: Urine Concentration and Dilution01:20

Physiology of the Genitourinary System III: Urine Concentration and Dilution

28
The kidneys concentrate or dilute urine to maintain water and electrolyte balance. Nephrons, particularly the loop of Henle, play a crucial role in this process through the countercurrent multiplication system. This system establishes a high osmolarity in the renal medulla, which is essential for water reabsorption. In the loop of Henle’s descending limb, water is reabsorbed into the surrounding medulla due to its permeability to water. In contrast, the ascending limb actively transports...
28

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Frailty Is Associated With Postoperative Complications and Device Removal and Revision in Men Undergoing Surgery for Stress Urinary Incontinence.

The Journal of urology·2026
Same author

Tamsulosin Deprescribing for Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in Older Men: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

JAMA network open·2026
Same author

The Contemporary Management of Pediatric Renal Trauma: A Retrospective 10-Year Analysis of the National Trauma Databank.

The Journal of urology·2026
Same author

Changes in sexual quality of life in patients with stress urinary incontinence treated with an artificial urinary sphincter; analysis of the artificial urinary sphincter clinical outcomes trial (AUSCO).

The journal of sexual medicine·2026
Same author

A Comparative Review of Contemporary Urological Trauma Guidelines.

European urology focus·2026
Same author

Coverage, Traits, and Geographic Distribution of Online Surgeon Reviews: Large-Scale Cross-Sectional Analysis.

JMIR formative research·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 31, 2025

Ultrasonography of the Adult Male Urinary Tract for Urinary Functional Testing
05:25

Ultrasonography of the Adult Male Urinary Tract for Urinary Functional Testing

Published on: August 14, 2019

19.3K

The Gender Pay Gap in Urology.

Amanda C North1, Raymond Fang, Jennifer Anger

  • 1Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York.

Urology Practice
|May 5, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Female urologists face a pay gap, earning less than male counterparts despite working equal hours. Women tend to work in less profitable settings, impacting overall compensation in urology.

Keywords:
censusessalaries and fringe benefitsurology

More Related Videos

Urinary Tract Infection in a Small Animal Model: Transurethral Catheterization of Male and Female Mice
10:23

Urinary Tract Infection in a Small Animal Model: Transurethral Catheterization of Male and Female Mice

Published on: December 1, 2017

17.0K
Technical Modification of the Terminal Ureter During Total Transperitoneal Laparoscopic Nephroureterectomy for Upper Urinary Tract Urothelial Carcinoma
06:39

Technical Modification of the Terminal Ureter During Total Transperitoneal Laparoscopic Nephroureterectomy for Upper Urinary Tract Urothelial Carcinoma

Published on: November 22, 2019

7.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 31, 2025

Ultrasonography of the Adult Male Urinary Tract for Urinary Functional Testing
05:25

Ultrasonography of the Adult Male Urinary Tract for Urinary Functional Testing

Published on: August 14, 2019

19.3K
Urinary Tract Infection in a Small Animal Model: Transurethral Catheterization of Male and Female Mice
10:23

Urinary Tract Infection in a Small Animal Model: Transurethral Catheterization of Male and Female Mice

Published on: December 1, 2017

17.0K
Technical Modification of the Terminal Ureter During Total Transperitoneal Laparoscopic Nephroureterectomy for Upper Urinary Tract Urothelial Carcinoma
06:39

Technical Modification of the Terminal Ureter During Total Transperitoneal Laparoscopic Nephroureterectomy for Upper Urinary Tract Urothelial Carcinoma

Published on: November 22, 2019

7.8K

Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Health Economics
  • Medical Practice Management

Background:

  • Persistent gender-based pay disparities exist across medical specialties.
  • The urology field exhibits a notable gender pay gap, necessitating investigation into contributing factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if a gender pay gap exists within the field of urology.
  • To explore potential factors associated with salary differences between male and female urologists.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 2,323 responses from the 2017 American Urological Association census.
  • Inclusion of urologists aged 34-65, matched for years in practice.
  • Multivariable logistic regression used to assess the association between gender and salary (>$350,000 vs. <$350,000), adjusted for age and practice characteristics.

Main Results:

  • Bivariate analysis indicated males were more likely to earn >$350,000 (56.9% vs. 39.7%, p=0.01).
  • No significant gender differences in weekly clinical or nonclinical work hours were observed.
  • Men performed more inpatient procedures and saw more patients weekly; women spent more time per patient.
  • Multivariable regression revealed gender was not a significant factor in salary, but practice type, location, and subspecialty training were.

Conclusions:

  • A gender pay gap in urology is suggested, with women often in less profitable practice settings.
  • Women urologists perform fewer inpatient procedures and see fewer patients, contributing to lower earnings.
  • Further research is needed to ascertain whether practice choices are voluntary or influenced by external factors.