Coconut shell biochar application in liquid-solid microextraction of triazine herbicides from multi-media...

Area of Science:

• Environmental Chemistry
• Analytical Chemistry
• Materials Science

Background:

• Triazine herbicides (TRZHs) are widely used pesticides with potential environmental and health concerns.
• Accurate and efficient methods for TRZHs determination in complex matrices are crucial for monitoring.
• Existing methods often involve lengthy procedures and significant matrix effects.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop a rapid, efficient, and environmentally friendly method for TRZHs extraction and purification.
• To utilize coconut shell biochar (CSB) as an adsorbent in monolithic spin columns for solid-phase microextraction (SPME).
• To combine SALLE with MSC-SPME for enhanced TRZHs determination using UPLC-MS/MS.

Main Methods:

• Development of a salting-out assisted liquid-liquid extraction (SALLE) combined with self-assembled monolithic spin columns-solid phase microextraction (MSC-SPME).
• Coconut shell biochar (CSB) was used as the adsorbent material for MSC-SPME.
• Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) was employed for separation and detection.

Main Results:

• The entire extraction process was completed within 10 minutes.
• Good linearity (R² > 0.999) was achieved for three TRZHs in the range of 0.10-200.00 ng/mL.
• Low limits of detection (6.99-11.00 ng/L) and quantification (23.33-36.68 ng/L) were obtained, with recoveries ranging from 69.00% to 124.72% (RSD < 0.43%).

Conclusions:

• The developed SALLE-MSC-SPME-UPLC-MS/MS method is highly efficient, sensitive, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly.
• CSB-based MSC-SPME offers a green, rapid, and easy-to-operate alternative for pesticide analysis.
• The method effectively eliminates matrix interferences and is applicable to diverse environmental and food samples with minimal pretreatment.