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Updated: Jul 31, 2025
MRI-guided dmPFC-rTMS as a Treatment for Treatment-resistant Major Depressive Disorder
Published on: August 11, 2015
Brain Features of Treatment-Resistant Depression: A Review of Structural and Functional Connectivity Magnetic
Mora M Grehl1, Sara Hameed2, James W Murrough2
1Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, 1701 North 13th Street, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA.
Abstract:
Increased awareness of the growing disease burden of treatment resistant depression (TRD), in combination with technological advances in MRI, affords the unique opportunity to research biomarkers that characterize TRD. We provide a narrative review of MRI studies investigating brain features associated with treatment-resistance and treatment outcome in those with TRD. Despite heterogeneity in methods and outcomes, relatively consistent findings include reduced gray matter volume in cortical regions and reduced white matter structural integrity in those with TRD. Alterations in resting state functional connectivity of the default mode network were also found. Larger studies with prospective designs are warranted.
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