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Related Concept Videos

Mitral Stenosis II: Clinical features and Diagnostic Tests01:23

Mitral Stenosis II: Clinical features and Diagnostic Tests

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Mitral stenosis is a heart condition in which the mitral valve, which allows blood to flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle, becomes narrowed or stenotic. This narrowing hinders blood flow and leads to clinical symptoms requiring specific medical evaluations and management strategies. The following overview outlines the clinical symptoms, assessments, diagnostic findings, prevention methods, and treatments for mitral stenosis.Clinical ManifestationsDyspnea (shortness of breath): This...
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Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction01:22

Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction

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Mitral Valve Stenosis (MVS) is a heart condition where the mitral valve narrows, impeding blood circulation from the left atrium to the left ventricle. The etiology and pathophysiology of this condition are multifaceted, leading to a cascade of cardiovascular complications.Causes of Mitral Valve StenosisRheumatic Heart Disease: It is the main cause of mitral valve stenosis, particularly in developing nations. This condition arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory illness resulting from...
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Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction01:27

Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction

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IntroductionThe mitral valve, one of the heart's four valves, regulates blood flow. These valves have flaps that open and close to direct blood properly through the heart and body. During each heartbeat, the flaps open for blood to pass through and seal shut to prevent backflow. Specifically, the mitral valve opens to allow blood flow from the heart's upper left chamber to the lower left chamber. It then closes securely as the lower left chamber contracts to pump blood to the body, preventing...
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Mitral Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:23

Mitral Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

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Mitral regurgitation (MR) is a valvular heart disorder in which the mitral valve fails to close tightly, allowing blood to leak backward into the heart. Understanding the clinical manifestations, assessment, diagnostic findings, and medical management of MR is crucial to effectively managing affected patients.Clinical Manifestations of Mitral RegurgitationMitral regurgitation can be acute or chronic, each presenting differently and requiring different approaches:1. Acute Mitral...
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Mitral Valve Prolapse II: Assessment and Management01:22

Mitral Valve Prolapse II: Assessment and Management

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IntroductionA range of clinical features characterizes Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP), but it is important to note that many individuals with MVP are asymptomatic and may remain so throughout their lives. For those who do exhibit symptoms, the following are the key clinical features:Palpitations: This is a common symptom where individuals feel an irregular or rapid heartbeat. Palpitations in MVP are often due to arrhythmias such as premature ventricular contractions or supraventricular...
28
Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction01:20

Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction

23
Mitral regurgitation is characterized by the backward circulation of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium during systole, a phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart contracts and pumps blood out of the chambers. This abnormal flow occurs primarily due to the dysfunction of the mitral valve or its supporting structures, which include the mitral leaflets, chordae tendineae, annulus, and papillary muscles.Etiology and Mechanisms:Primary Mitral Regurgitation: This type arises from...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 31, 2025

Isolation of Mouse Interstitial Valve Cells to Study the Calcification of the Aortic Valve In Vitro
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Caseous Calcification of the Mitral Valve.

Birgitt Janssens1, Thiebault Saveyn2, Benjamin Leenknegt2

  • 1KULeuven, BE.

Journal of the Belgian Society of Radiology
|May 8, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Caseous calcification of the mitral annulus is a benign condition that can appear as a cardiac tumor or abscess. Multimodal imaging is recommended to avoid unnecessary interventions for this mass-like lesion.

Keywords:
CMACcaseous mitral valve calcificationcomputed tomographytransthoracic ultrasound

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Radiology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Mitral annular calcification (MAC) is common, particularly in older adults.
  • Caseous calcification of the mitral annulus (CCMA) is a rare, benign variant of MAC.
  • CCMA can present as a mass-like lesion, raising concerns for cardiac tumors or abscesses.

Observation:

  • CCMA exhibits characteristic imaging features on echocardiography, CT, and MRI.
  • Histologically, CCMA shows amorphous, calcified material surrounded by inflammatory cells.
  • Distinguishing CCMA from malignant or infectious lesions is crucial for appropriate patient management.

Findings:

  • Multimodal imaging, including transthoracic echocardiography, transesophageal echocardiography, cardiac CT, and cardiac MRI, is essential for accurate diagnosis.
  • Specific imaging findings suggestive of CCMA include a well-defined, non-enhancing mass with characteristic calcification patterns.
  • Biopsy or surgical resection may be considered if the diagnosis remains uncertain after comprehensive imaging evaluation.

Implications:

  • Accurate diagnosis of CCMA can prevent unnecessary invasive procedures, such as cardiac biopsies or surgical resections.
  • Understanding the benign nature of CCMA avoids patient anxiety and reduces healthcare costs.
  • Increased awareness among clinicians and radiologists regarding CCMA can improve diagnostic accuracy and patient outcomes.