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Updated: Jul 31, 2025
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How to Measure Cortical Folding from MR Images: a Step-by-Step Tutorial to Compute Local Gyrification Index
Published on: January 2, 2012
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Decreased cortical gyrification in major depressive disorder
Youbin Kang1, Wooyoung Kang1, Aram Kim1
1Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Psychological Medicine
|May 8, 2023
Summary
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with reduced local gyrification index (LGI) in several brain regions. This neuroimaging marker may indicate predisposition to MDD.
Area of Science:
- Neuroimaging
- Neurodevelopmental disorders
- Psychiatry
Background:
- Abnormal cortical folding patterns are potential biomarkers for major depressive disorder (MDD).
- Investigating neurodevelopmental deviations in MDD is crucial for understanding its pathophysiology.
Purpose of the Study:
- To examine the association between MDD and the local gyrification index (LGI) across all cortical regions.
- To explore the relationship between LGI and clinical characteristics in MDD patients.
Main Methods:
- T1-weighted MRI scans from 234 MDD patients and 215 healthy controls (HCs).
- Automated calculation of LGI in 66 cortical regions using the Desikan-Killiany atlas.
- Statistical comparison of LGI between groups and correlation analysis with clinical data.
Main Results:
- MDD patients exhibited significantly lower LGI in prefrontal, orbitofrontal, insular, and temporal/parietal regions compared to HCs.
- The left pars triangularis showed the largest effect size for decreased LGI in MDD.
- Recurrence and longer illness duration in MDD correlated with increased gyrification in specific occipital and temporal areas.
Conclusions:
- The local gyrification index (LGI) may serve as a stable neuroimaging biomarker for MDD predisposition.
- Cortical folding abnormalities are implicated in the neurobiology of major depressive disorder.
Keywords:
Brain magnetic resonance imagingcortical foldingdepressionlocal gyrification indexmajor depressive disorderMore Related Videos
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