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Driven-Dissipative Rydberg Blockade in Optical Lattices.

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|May 8, 2023
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Dissipative Rydberg gases reveal a phase transition from a blockaded state to a facilitation phase. Including dephasing leads to a critical point, offering new ways to study dissipative quantum criticality.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum physics
  • Open quantum systems
  • Atomic physics

Background:

  • Dissipative Rydberg gases offer tunable dissipation and interaction properties.
  • The quantum many-body physics of these long-range interacting open systems is not well understood.
  • Rydberg blockade, the inhibition of Rydberg excitations due to strong interactions, is a key phenomenon.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To theoretically analyze the steady state of a van der Waals interacting Rydberg gas in an optical lattice.
  • To investigate the role of long-range correlations in describing Rydberg blockade.
  • To explore the phase transitions and critical behavior in these open quantum systems.

Main Methods:

  • Variational treatment of the Rydberg gas.
  • Inclusion of long-range correlations to model Rydberg blockade.
  • Analysis of the steady-state phase diagram.

Main Results:

  • The steady state exhibits a single first-order phase transition from a blockaded Rydberg gas to a facilitation phase.
  • The blockade is lifted in the facilitation phase.
  • The first-order phase transition line terminates in a critical point with sufficient dephasing.
  • Agreement with short-range models for phase boundaries in some regimes, but with distinct steady-state behaviors.

Conclusions:

  • Dissipative Rydberg gases display unique phase transitions driven by interactions and dissipation.
  • Dephasing is crucial for reaching dissipative critical points in these systems.
  • The study provides a theoretical framework for understanding complex many-body phenomena in open quantum systems.