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Prenatal blood lead levels and Birth Weight: a Meta-analysis study.

Mohsen Vigeh1,2, Leyla Sahebi2, Kazuhito Yokoyama2

  • 1Tehran 142933141, Iran Maternal, Fetal and Neonatal Research Center, Family Health Research Institute, Immam Knomeini Hospital , Tehran University of Medical Sciences.

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Elevated maternal blood lead levels are linked to lower birth weight in infants. Pregnant women should minimize lead exposure to protect fetal development and ensure healthier birth outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Reproductive Toxicology
  • Perinatal Medicine

Background:

  • Lead is a toxic metal known to cause adverse reproductive effects, including low birth weight.
  • Despite decreased exposure levels, a safe threshold for pregnant women remains undefined.
  • Maternal and umbilical cord blood lead levels are critical indicators of fetal exposure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantitatively estimate the effects of maternal and umbilical cord blood lead on birth weight.
  • To assess the association between lead exposure during pregnancy and infant birth weight.
  • To provide evidence-based recommendations for pregnant women regarding lead exposure.

Main Methods:

  • A meta-analysis was conducted, systematically searching scientific literature for relevant studies.
  • Twenty-one full-text articles published between 1991 and 2020 were selected based on PRISMA criteria.
  • Data extraction and correlation analyses were performed to evaluate lead levels and birth weight.

Main Results:

  • Pooled mean maternal and umbilical cord blood lead levels were 6.85 µg/dL and 5.41 µg/dL, respectively.
  • A significant inverse association was found between maternal blood lead levels and birth weight (correlation coefficient: -0.374, p < 0.01).
  • Infants exposed to higher maternal blood lead levels (>5 µg/dL) had significantly lower birth weights (229g less) compared to those with lower exposure levels.

Conclusions:

  • Increased maternal blood lead levels represent a potential risk factor for reduced birth weight.
  • Pregnant women are advised to avoid lead exposure as much as possible to safeguard infant health.
  • Further research may be needed to establish definitive safe lead exposure limits during pregnancy.