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Multifactorial Model of Dyspnea in Patients With Cancer.

Joosun Shin1, Kord M Kober1, Patsy Yates2

  • 1University of California, San Francisco.

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Summary

Dyspnea in cancer patients is multifactorial. A new model identifies person, clinical, and cancer-related factors, plus muscle weakness, co-occurring symptoms, and stress, to guide treatment.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Pulmonology
  • Symptom Management

Background:

  • Dyspnea is a prevalent and distressing symptom in cancer patients.
  • Existing literature lacks a comprehensive description of dyspnea risk factors and mechanisms in this population.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and synthesize the multifactorial risk factors contributing to dyspnea in cancer patients.
  • To propose a conceptual model for understanding and managing cancer-related dyspnea.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic literature search was conducted across major databases (Cochrane, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CINAHL) from January 2009 to May 2022.
  • Included were case-control, cohort, and randomized controlled trials; 19 studies met the criteria.
  • Study quality was assessed using the Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies.

Main Results:

  • Dyspnea is influenced by a complex interplay of factors.
  • A Multifactorial Model of Dyspnea in Patients With Cancer was developed, incorporating person, clinical, and cancer-related factors.
  • Key contributors include respiratory muscle weakness, co-occurring symptoms, and psychological stress.

Conclusions:

  • The Multifactorial Model of Dyspnea in Patients With Cancer provides a framework for comprehensive assessment.
  • Clinicians can utilize this model to develop individualized, multilevel interventions for managing cancer-related dyspnea.
  • Addressing the identified factors can improve patient outcomes and quality of life.