An aptamer-functionalized photonic crystal sensor for ultrasensitive and label-free detection of aflatoxin B1

As a novel optical responsive material, photonic crystal is a promising sensing material in the recognition and detection of small molecules. Herein, a label-free composite sensor for aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) based on aptamer-functionalized photonic crystal arrays was successfully developed. Three-dimensional photonic crystals (3D PhCs) with a controllable number of layers were produced by a layer-by-layer (LBL) approach, and the introduction of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) facilitated the immobilization procedure of recognition element aptamers, thus creating the AFB1 sensing detection system (AFB1-Apt 3D PhCs). The sensing system AFB1-Apt 3D PhCs exhibited a good linearity in the wide range of 1 pg mL^-1-100 ng mL^-1 AFB1 with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.28 pg mL^-1. Furthermore AFB1-Apt 3D PhC was successfully applied in the determination of AFB1 in the millet and beer samples with good recovery. The sensing system performed ultrasensitive and label-free detection to the target, which could be further applied in the fields of food safety, clinical diagnosis or environmental monitoring, establishing an efficient and rapid universal detection platform.