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Related Concept Videos

Visual System01:26

Visual System

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Light enters the eye through the cornea, a transparent, dome-shaped surface covering the surface of the eyeball that helps to direct and focus incoming light. This light is then channeled toward the pupil, an adjustable opening whose size is controlled by the iris. The iris, a pigmented muscle, regulates the amount of light entering the eye by contracting or dilating the pupil, thereby ensuring optimal light levels for clear vision.
Once through the pupil, the light passes through the lens, a...
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Depth Perception and Spatial Vision01:15

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Depth perception is the ability to perceive objects three-dimensionally. It relies on two types of cues: binocular and monocular. Binocular cues depend on the combination of images from both eyes and how the eyes work together. Since the eyes are in slightly different positions, each eye captures a slightly different image. This disparity between images, known as binocular disparity, helps the brain interpret depth. When the brain compares these images, it determines the distance to an object.
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Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
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IR Frequency Region: Fingerprint Region01:03

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IR spectra are divided into two main regions: the diagnostic region and the fingerprint region. The diagnostic region of the spectrum lies above 1500 cm−1. The absorptions resulting from single-bond vibrations of the N–H, C–H, and O–H stretch at higher wavenumbers and appear on the left side of the spectrum. The stretching absorptions of the C≡C and C≡N occur between 2100–2300 cm−1. In contrast, those arising from stretching absorptions of the...
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Imaging Biological Samples with Optical Microscopy01:18

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Optical microscopy uses optic principles to provide detailed images of samples. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek designed the first compound optical microscope in the 17th century to visualize blood cells, bacteria, and yeast cells. In 1830, Joseph Jackson Lister created an essentially modern light microscope. The 20th century saw the development of microscopes with enhanced magnification and resolution.
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Light Acquisition02:16

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In order to produce glucose, plants need to capture sufficient light energy. Many modern plants have evolved leaves specialized for light acquisition. Leaves can be only millimeters in width or tens of meters wide, depending on the environment. Due to competition for sunlight, evolution has driven the evolution of increasingly larger leaves and taller plants, to avoid shading by their neighbors with contaminant elaboration of root architecture and mechanisms to transport water and nutrients.
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A Silicon-tipped Fiber-optic Sensing Platform with High Resolution and Fast Response
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Optical sensors, 2022: introduction to the feature issue.

Paul M Pellegrino, Gilberto Brambilla, Frank Vollmer

    Optics Express
    |May 9, 2023
    PubMed
    Summary

    This Optics Express feature issue showcases 9 papers from the OPTICA Optical Sensors and Sensing Congress. Research covers chip-based, open-path, and fiber optic sensing technologies.

    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Sensor Technology

    Background:

    • The OPTICA Optical Sensors and Sensing Congress convened in Vancouver, Canada, in July 2022.
    • This feature issue presents expanded research from the congress proceedings.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To highlight cutting-edge research in optical sensing and photonics.
    • To provide a platform for the dissemination of advancements in sensor technology.

    Main Methods:

    • Compilation of 9 peer-reviewed contributed papers.
    • Expansion of conference proceedings into detailed research articles.

    Main Results:

    • Coverage of diverse topics including chip-based sensing.
    • Inclusion of research on open-path and remote sensing techniques.

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  • Presentation of advancements in fiber optic sensing devices.
  • Conclusions:

    • The feature issue offers a comprehensive overview of recent developments in optical sensing.
    • It underscores the dynamic progress in photonics for various sensing applications.