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Computed Tomography01:10

Computed Tomography

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Tomography refers to imaging by sections. Computed tomography (CT) is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses computers to analyze several cross-sectional X-rays to reveal minute details about structures in the body.
The technique was invented in the 1970s and is based on the principle that as X-rays pass through the body, they are absorbed or reflected at different levels. In the technique, a patient lies on a motorized platform while a computerized axial tomography (CAT) scanner rotates...
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X-ray Crystallography02:18

X-ray Crystallography

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The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
Diffraction
Diffraction is the change in the direction of travel experienced by an electromagnetic wave when it encounters a physical barrier whose dimensions are comparable to those of the wavelength of the light. X-rays are electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths about as long as the distance between neighboring...
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X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples01:10

X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples

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X-ray diffraction or XRD is an analytical tool that utilizes X-rays to study ordered structures such as crystalline organic and inorganic samples, polycrystalline materials, proteins, carbohydrates, and drugs.
According to Bragg's law, when X-rays strike the sample positioned on a stage, the rays are  scattered by the electron clouds around the sample atoms. The  X-ray diffraction or scattering is caused by constructive interference of the X-ray waves that reflect off the internal...
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X-ray Imaging01:24

X-ray Imaging

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German physicist Wilhelm Röntgen (1845–1923) was experimenting with electrical current when he discovered that a mysterious and invisible "ray" would pass through his flesh but leave an outline of his bones on a screen coated with a metal compound. In 1895, Röntgen made the first durable record of the internal parts of a living human: an "X-ray" image (as it came to be called) of his wife’s hand. Scientists worldwide quickly began their own experiments with...
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Electron Microscope Tomography and Single-particle Reconstruction01:07

Electron Microscope Tomography and Single-particle Reconstruction

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Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) can be used to determine the 3D structure of biological samples with the help of techniques such as electron microscope tomography and single-particle reconstruction. While single-particle reconstruction can examine macromolecules and macromolecular complexes in vitro conditions only, tomography permits the study of cell components or small cells in vivo.
Electron Tomography
Electron tomography can be performed either in TEM or STEM (scanning transmission...
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Updated: Jul 31, 2025

Energy Dispersive X-ray Tomography for 3D Elemental Mapping of Individual Nanoparticles
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    Area of Science:

    • Materials Science
    • Imaging Technology
    • Physics

    Background:

    • Pixelated energy resolving detectors facilitate X-ray diffraction (XRD) signal acquisition.
    • Hybrid energy- and angle- dispersive techniques offer potential for benchtop XRD imaging and computed tomography (XRDCT).
    • Development of novel XRDCT systems can utilize polychromatic X-ray sources.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To demonstrate an XRDCT system using a commercially available pixelated cadmium telluride (CdTe) detector (HEXITEC).
    • To develop and evaluate a novel fly-scan technique for XRDCT.
    • To compare the fly-scan technique against the established step-scan technique.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized a HEXITEC pixelated cadmium telluride (CdTe) detector for XRDCT.
    • Developed a novel fly-scan acquisition technique.
    • Compared the performance of the fly-scan technique with the traditional step-scan technique.

    Main Results:

    • The novel fly-scan technique reduced total scan time by 42% compared to the step-scan technique.
    • The fly-scan technique demonstrated improved spatial resolution.
    • Enhanced material contrast was observed, leading to better material classification.

    Conclusions:

    • The HEXITEC detector successfully demonstrated an XRDCT system.
    • The novel fly-scan technique is a viable alternative to step-scan, offering significant time reduction and improved image quality.
    • This advancement paves the way for more efficient and effective benchtop XRDCT applications.