Native defect clustering-induced carrier localization centers leading to a reduction of performance in...

In this study, we aimed to better understand the mechanism for creating carrier localization centers (CLCs) in Ga_0.70In_0.30N/GaN quantum wells (QWs) and examine their impacts on device performance. Particularly, we focused on the incorporation of native defects into the QWs as a main cause of the mechanism behind the CLC creation. For this purpose, we prepared two GaInN-based LED samples with and without pre-trimethylindium (TMIn) flow-treated QWs. Here, the QWs were subjected to a pre-TMIn flow treatment to control the incorporation of defects/impurities in the QWs. In an effort to investigate how the pre-TMIn flow treatment affects the incorporation of native defects into the QWs, we employed steady-state photo-capacitance and photo-assisted capacitance-voltage measurements, and acquired high-resolution micro-charge-coupled device images. The experimental results showed that CLC creation in the QWs during growth is closely related to the native defects, most likely V_N-related defects/complexes, since they have a strong affinity to In atoms and the nature of clustering. Moreover, the CLC creation is fatal to the performance of the yellow-red QWs since they simultaneously increase the non-radiative recombination rate, decrease the radiative recombination rate, and increase operating voltage-unlike blue QWs.