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    This study introduces spatial division transmission schemes for underwater visible light communication. Spatial division multiplexing with 2D pairwise coding shows robustness against turbulence, achieving high data rates under error correction limits.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optical Communications
    • Wireless Communication Systems
    • Signal Processing

    Background:

    • Underwater visible light communication (UVLC) systems face challenges with signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) imbalance.
    • Spatial division transmission (SDT) schemes offer potential for enhanced performance in UVLC.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose and evaluate spatial division diversity (SDD) and spatial division multiplexing (SDM) schemes for UVLC.
    • To investigate the application of pairwise coding (PWC) schemes for SNR imbalance mitigation in SDT-based UVLC systems.

    Main Methods:

    • Implementation of two SDT schemes: SDD and SDM.
    • Application of three PWC schemes: SC-PWC, SCH-PWC, and 2D-PWC.
    • Verification through numerical simulations and hardware experiments in a two-channel OFDM-based UVLC system.

    Main Results:

    • Performance of SDD and SDM is influenced by SNR imbalance and spectral efficiency.
    • SDM with 2D-PWC demonstrates robustness against bubble turbulence.
    • Achieved bit error rates below the 7% FEC limit with high probability.

    Conclusions:

    • SDD and SDM are feasible and effective for UVLC systems.
    • 2D-PWC is particularly effective for mitigating SNR imbalance and enhancing robustness.
    • The proposed schemes enable high data rates in challenging underwater environments.