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Mucocutaneous Manifestations in Children with Thalassemia: An Observational Study

Ashna Kumar1, Masarat Jabeen2, Preeti Sharma3

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, SMGS Hospital, Government Medical College, Jammu, Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir, India; ashnakumar99@gmail.com.

Skinmed
|May 9, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Multi-transfused children with beta-thalassemia major frequently exhibit mucocutaneous manifestations. Early dermatologic evaluation is crucial for diagnosing these common skin and nail changes in thalassemia patients.

Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Dermatology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Thalassemia syndromes are inherited blood disorders with diverse clinical presentations.
  • Mucocutaneous manifestations in multi-transfused beta-thalassemia major are underreported.
  • This study addresses the scarcity of literature on skin and nail findings in these patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the spectrum of mucocutaneous manifestations in children with beta-thalassemia major.
  • To identify common dermatologic findings in a cohort of multi-transfused patients.
  • To emphasize the importance of evaluating skin and nail health in thalassemia management.

Main Methods:

  • A descriptive, observational, cross-sectional study design was employed.
  • Sixty-eight children with thalassemia major undergoing blood transfusion were examined.
  • A dermatologist performed detailed mucocutaneous examinations, including hair and nail assessments.

Main Results:

  • All participants (100%) presented with at least one cutaneous manifestation.
  • Common findings included hyperpigmented knuckles (60.2%), pallor (42.6%), and icterus (26.4%).
  • Other observed manifestations were lusterless hair (20.5%), leukonychia striata (14.7%), and oral ulcers (10.2%).

Conclusions:

  • Multi-transfused children with beta-thalassemia major commonly experience significant mucocutaneous manifestations.
  • Hyperpigmentation, pallor, icterus, hair, and nail changes are prevalent.
  • Routine dermatologic assessment is essential for early diagnosis and management of these conditions in thalassemia patients.

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