FlexPES: a versatile soft X-ray beamline at MAX IV Laboratory

Area of Science:

• Materials Science
• Atomic and Molecular Physics
• Surface Science

Background:

• The MAX IV Laboratory operates a 1.5 GeV storage ring for advanced synchrotron radiation research.
• Soft X-ray beamlines are crucial for probing electronic structures and chemical properties of matter.

Purpose of the Study:

• To detail the optical layout and performance of the FlexPES soft X-ray beamline.
• To showcase the capabilities of its specialized endstations for diverse scientific investigations.

Main Methods:

• The FlexPES beamline provides horizontally polarized soft X-rays (40-1500 eV).
• It features two branches with multiple endstations equipped for high-resolution photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and coincidence techniques.
• Endstations support ultra-high vacuum (UHV) for solid samples and elevated pressures for gas/liquid phase studies.

Main Results:

• The beamline offers focused or defocused beams via refocusing optics.
• Endstation EA01 (Surface and Materials Science) is optimized for solid sample analysis using various photoelectron and X-ray absorption spectroscopy methods.
• Branch B endstations (EB01, EB02) facilitate coincidence measurements and photoelectron spectroscopy on gas-phase, liquid, and non-UHV solid samples.

Conclusions:

• FlexPES is a versatile facility for advanced spectroscopic studies.
• The beamline and its endstations are well-characterized and ready for diverse scientific applications.
• It supports cutting-edge research in surface science, materials science, and low-density matter physics.