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Related Concept Videos

Lazarus's Cognitive Appraisal Theory01:20

Lazarus's Cognitive Appraisal Theory

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Cognitive psychologist Richard Lazarus proposed the cognitive-mediational theory of emotions, which emphasizes how individuals' assessments of stressors significantly affect their experience of stress. According to Lazarus, the stress response is determined by a two-step appraisal process: primary appraisal and secondary appraisal. These cognitive appraisals help individuals evaluate the potential impact of a stressor and determine the adequacy of their coping resources.
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According to Charles Cooley, we base our image on what we think other people see (Cooley 1902). We imagine how we must appear to others, then react to this speculation. We don certain clothes, prepare our hair in a particular manner, wear makeup, use cologne, and the like—all with the notion that our presentation of ourselves is going to affect how others perceive us. We expect a certain reaction, and, if lucky, we get the one we desire and feel good about it. But more than that, Cooley...
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Social psychologists have documented that feeling good about ourselves and maintaining positive self-esteem is a powerful motivator of human behavior (Tavris & Aronson, 2008). In the United States, members of the predominant culture typically think very highly of themselves and view themselves as good people who are above average on many desirable traits (Ehrlinger, Gilovich, & Ross, 2005). Often, our behavior, attitudes, and beliefs are affected when we experience a threat to our...
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A revisionist approach to Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development has brought new insights that challenge and reinterpret his established ideas. Piaget proposed that the formal operational stage, emerging in adolescence, represents the culmination of cognitive maturity. During this stage, individuals are said to develop abstract thinking, engage in systematic problem-solving, and show a form of egocentrism, believing others are as preoccupied with their behavior as they are...
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Richard Lazarus' cognitive mediational theory highlights the pivotal role of cognitive appraisal in shaping emotional responses. According to this theory, the evaluation of a stimulus — based on personal values, goals, beliefs, and expectations — mediates the emotional response. This appraisal process is immediate and often occurs unconsciously, influencing the intensity and nature of the resulting emotion.
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Information is everywhere and its presentation—such as how and when items are presented—can impact our perceptions and decisions surrounding the info. This broad concept umbrellas framing effects—influences that occur due to the way information is framed in its appearance, whether it’s purely the order or the specific wording of a message. Let’s take a look at numerous ways in which two versions of something can objectively say the same thing, yet we respond in...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 31, 2025

Exploring the Neural Correlates of Cognitive Reappraisal in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Using Task-based Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
09:14

Exploring the Neural Correlates of Cognitive Reappraisal in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Using Task-based Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Published on: March 14, 2025

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Reappraising reappraisal: an expanded view.

Andero Uusberg1, Brett Ford2, Helen Uusberg1

  • 1Institute of Psychology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.

Cognition & Emotion
|May 10, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Reappraisal, an emotion regulation strategy, involves changing how we think about situations or goals. This study expands a framework to map 8 distinct reappraisal tactics for better understanding cognitive mechanisms.

Keywords:
Reappraisalappraisal theorydecommitting from and committing to representationsobject-level and meta-level representationsreconstrual and repurposing

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Affective Science

Background:

  • Reappraisal is a key emotion regulation strategy.
  • Its precise cognitive mechanisms remain unclear.
  • Existing frameworks offer limited scope.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To clarify the cognitive mechanisms of reappraisal.
  • To expand the reAppraisal framework.
  • To map diverse reappraisal tactics.

Main Methods:

  • Proposed a 2x2x2 matrix based on three distinctions: reconstrual vs. repurposing, object-level vs. meta-level representations, and decommitment vs. commitment operations.
  • Mapped 8 distinct reappraisal tactics.
  • Drew examples from basic and clinical research.

Main Results:

  • The expanded reAppraisal framework provides a comprehensive map of 8 reappraisal tactics.
  • These tactics encompass changes to situation construals and evaluative goals.
  • Reappraisal can target both environmental and mental states, using commitment and decommitment operations.

Conclusions:

  • The 2x2x2 matrix offers a useful taxonomy of reappraisal tactics.
  • This expanded framework can guide future research on emotion regulation.
  • Understanding these mechanisms has implications for clinical and basic research.