Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Development of Immunocompetence01:22

Development of Immunocompetence

379
The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...
379
Integration of Synaptic Events01:28

Integration of Synaptic Events

1.6K
Synaptic integration mainly includes the summation of graded potentials. Graded potentials, regardless of their type, cause subtle alterations in membrane voltage, resulting in either depolarization or hyperpolarization. These incremental changes, when combined or summed, can propel the neuron toward its threshold. Consider, for example, a membrane experiencing a +15 mV shift, causing it to depolarize from -70 mV to -55 mV. In this scenario, graded potentials govern the membrane's ability to...
1.6K
Teratogenicity01:07

Teratogenicity

2.5K
The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
2.5K
Neurotransmitters01:31

Neurotransmitters

1.1K
Neurotransmitters are essential chemical messengers within the nervous system, facilitating the communication between neurons. These chemical messengers, varying in function and effect, are critical for sustaining various aspects of neurological health and emotional well-being.
1.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Microglial TDP-43 mediates myelin refinement and represses Tyrobp cryptic exon inclusion in mice.

Nature neuroscience·2026
Same author

Maternal-fetal type I interferon signaling drives TREM2 dysregulation and synaptic dysfunction in neurodevelopmental disorders.

Neuron·2026
Same author

Autism subtypes identified using cross-species functional connectivity analyses.

Nature neuroscience·2026
Same author

Short-term exposure to particulate matter and apparent temperature is associated with schizophrenia severity in Italy.

Psychiatry research·2025
Same author

An inflammatory fingerprint in mild cognitively impaired patients is reversed by physical and cognitive training.

Brain, behavior, & immunity - health·2025
Same author

Neurodevelopmental origins of structural and psychomotor defects in CXCR4-linked primary immunodeficiency.

Neuron·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 31, 2025

Induction of Maternal Immune Activation in Mice at Mid-gestation Stage with Viral Mimic PolyI:C
07:13

Induction of Maternal Immune Activation in Mice at Mid-gestation Stage with Viral Mimic PolyI:C

Published on: March 25, 2016

18.5K

Immune synaptopathies: how maternal immune activation impacts synaptic function during development.

Michela Matteoli1,2, Davide Pozzi1,3, Matteo Fossati1,2

  • 1Laboratory of Pharmacology and Brain Pathology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milano, Italy.

The EMBO Journal
|May 10, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Synaptopathy, or synaptic dysfunction, is key in brain disorders. This review introduces "immune-synaptopathy," linking immune system activity and genetics to neurodevelopmental disorders.

Keywords:
brain-immune system cross-talkmaternal immune activationneurodevelopmental diseasesprenatal inflammationsynapse

More Related Videos

Generating a Reproducible Model of Mid-Gestational Maternal Immune Activation using PolyI:C to Study Susceptibility and Resilience in Offspring
09:09

Generating a Reproducible Model of Mid-Gestational Maternal Immune Activation using PolyI:C to Study Susceptibility and Resilience in Offspring

Published on: August 17, 2022

1.7K
Modeling Encephalopathy of Prematurity Using Prenatal Hypoxia-ischemia with Intra-amniotic Lipopolysaccharide in Rats
07:36

Modeling Encephalopathy of Prematurity Using Prenatal Hypoxia-ischemia with Intra-amniotic Lipopolysaccharide in Rats

Published on: November 20, 2015

11.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 31, 2025

Induction of Maternal Immune Activation in Mice at Mid-gestation Stage with Viral Mimic PolyI:C
07:13

Induction of Maternal Immune Activation in Mice at Mid-gestation Stage with Viral Mimic PolyI:C

Published on: March 25, 2016

18.5K
Generating a Reproducible Model of Mid-Gestational Maternal Immune Activation using PolyI:C to Study Susceptibility and Resilience in Offspring
09:09

Generating a Reproducible Model of Mid-Gestational Maternal Immune Activation using PolyI:C to Study Susceptibility and Resilience in Offspring

Published on: August 17, 2022

1.7K
Modeling Encephalopathy of Prematurity Using Prenatal Hypoxia-ischemia with Intra-amniotic Lipopolysaccharide in Rats
07:36

Modeling Encephalopathy of Prematurity Using Prenatal Hypoxia-ischemia with Intra-amniotic Lipopolysaccharide in Rats

Published on: November 20, 2015

11.4K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Immunology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Synaptopathy, impairments in synaptic structure and function, is increasingly recognized as a primary cause of neurodevelopmental disorders.
  • Genetic research reveals that risk factors converge on synaptic molecular pathways.
  • Environmental factors, particularly inflammation, also significantly contribute to these disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and define the concept of "immune-synaptopathy."
  • To review evidence linking immune system activation to synaptic dysfunction in neurodevelopmental disorders.
  • To explore the interplay between genetic predisposition and maternal immune activation in brain development.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent research on synaptopathy, neuroinflammation, and neurodevelopmental disorders.
  • Synthesis of findings on genetic risk factors and environmental influences.
  • Conceptualization of the "immune-synaptopathy" framework.

Main Results:

  • Synaptic dysfunction is a central mechanism in neurodevelopmental disorders.
  • Immune molecules critically influence synaptic function and contribute to disease.
  • A bi-directional relationship exists between an individual's genetic makeup and maternal immune activation in shaping brain development.

Conclusions:

  • The concept of "immune-synaptopathy" provides a unifying framework for understanding neurodevelopmental disorders.
  • Both genetic and immune factors, interacting bidirectionally, are crucial in brain development and disease.
  • Further research into immune-synaptopathy may reveal novel therapeutic targets for neurodevelopmental conditions.