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Primary Cutaneous Actinomycosis: A Diagnostic Enigma

Sulhera Khan1, Bareerah Khan2, Wajeeha Batool3

  • 1Dermatology, Civil Hospital Karachi, Karachi, PAK.

Cureus
|May 10, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Primary cutaneous actinomycosis, a rare skin infection caused by Actinomyces, is often misdiagnosed. This case highlights successful antibiotic treatment after initial misdiagnoses, improving patient function.

Area of Science:

  • Medical Microbiology
  • Dermatology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Actinomyces are Gram-positive, filamentous bacteria, part of normal flora, and found in soil.
  • Actinomyces israelii is the most common species infecting humans.
  • Primary cutaneous actinomycosis is an uncommon manifestation of Actinomyces infection.

Observation:

  • A young male presented with symptoms initially misdiagnosed as Madura foot/mycetoma, cutaneous tuberculosis, and malignancy.
  • Histopathology confirmed primary cutaneous actinomycosis.
  • The patient experienced functional disability due to the skin lesion.

Findings:

  • The case highlights the diagnostic challenges of primary cutaneous actinomycosis.
  • Histopathological examination is crucial for accurate diagnosis.
  • Successful treatment with antibiotics led to the restoration of function.

Implications:

  • Early and accurate diagnosis of cutaneous actinomycosis is essential.
  • Antibiotic therapy is effective in treating primary cutaneous actinomycosis.
  • This case underscores the importance of considering rare infections in differential diagnoses.
Keywords:
infectious disordersmadura footmisdiagnosisprimary cutaneous actinomycosistuberculosis

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