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Related Concept Videos

Regulated mRNA Transport02:22

Regulated mRNA Transport

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In eukaryotes, transcription and translation are compartmentalized; an mRNA is first synthesized in the nucleus and then selectively transported to the cytoplasm for protein synthesis. Before transport, a pre-mRNA undergoes several steps of post-transcriptional modifications including splicing, 5' capping, and the addition of a poly-adenine tail. Various proteins bind to the pre-mRNA during these modifications. The mRNA transport takes place with the help of multiple proteins playing...
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The organelle-specific signaling sequences direct proteins synthesized in the cytosol to their final destination like ER, mitochondria, peroxisomes, etc. Some of the proteins directed to ER are then trafficked via vesicles to other organelles within the cell or the extracellular environment through the Golgi complex. For example, the rough ER synthesizes soluble proteins for transportation to the lysosomes or secretion out of the cell. It can also synthesize transmembrane proteins that can...
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Cotranslational Protein Translocation01:20

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Translocation of proteins across membranes is an ancient process that occurs even in bacteria and archaebacteria. In fact, the components of the translocation machinery are still conserved between prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
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A sizable fraction of proteins destined for ER are first synthesized in the cell cytosol and then transported across the ER membrane–a process called post-translational translocation. Similar to cotranslationally translocated proteins, these proteins also use the Sec translocon complex to enter the ER lumen.
Targeting proteins to the ER
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The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
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Eukaryotic cells have different membrane-bound organelles with distinct protein requirements. The process by which proteins are targeted to a specific organelle is called protein sorting.
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mRNA Location and Translation Rate Determine Protein Targeting to Dual Destinations.

Alexander N Gasparski1, Konstadinos Moissoglu1, Sandeep Pallikkuth1

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Protein targeting to different cellular locations is influenced by mRNA position and translation speed. This mechanism, involving protein binding partners, impacts NET1 protein function and cell motility.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Protein Trafficking

Background:

  • Proteins often localize to multiple subcellular destinations, performing distinct functions.
  • Differential protein targeting is traditionally attributed to post-translational sorting mechanisms.

Conclusions:

  • mRNA location and translation rate act as a coordinated 'partner-selection' mechanism influencing protein distribution.
  • This mechanism provides a novel layer of regulation for protein targeting beyond traditional post-translational sorting.
  • Understanding this process is crucial for comprehending protein function and cellular processes like cell motility.