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Related Concept Videos

Ribosome Profiling02:24

Ribosome Profiling

4.0K
Ribosome profiling or ribo-sequencing is a deep sequencing technique that produces a snapshot of active translation in a cell. It selectively sequences the mRNAs protected by ribosomes to get an insight into a cell’s translation landscape at any given point in time.
Applications of ribosome profiling
Ribosome profiling has many applications, including in vivo monitoring of translation inside a particular organ or tissue type and quantifying new protein synthesis levels.
The technique...
4.0K
RNA-seq03:21

RNA-seq

11.7K
RNA sequencing, or RNA-Seq, is a high-throughput sequencing technology used to study the transcriptome of a cell. Transcriptomics helps to interpret the functional elements of a genome and identify the molecular constituents of an organism. Additionally, it also helps in understanding the development of an organism and the occurrence of diseases. 
Before the discovery of RNA-seq, microarray-based methods and Sanger sequencing were used for transcriptome analysis. However, while...
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Improving Translational Accuracy02:07

Improving Translational Accuracy

14.0K
Base complementarity between the three base pairs of mRNA codon and the tRNA anticodon is not a failsafe mechanism. Inaccuracies can range from a single mismatch to no correct base pairing at all. The free energy difference between the correct and nearly correct base pairs can be as small as 3 kcal/ mol. With complementarity being the only proofreading step, the estimated error frequency would be one wrong amino acid in every 100 amino acids incorporated. However, error frequencies observed in...
14.0K
Leaky Scanning02:28

Leaky Scanning

5.6K
During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA.  Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 8, 2026

De novo Identification of Actively Translated Open Reading Frames with Ribosome Profiling Data
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De novo Identification of Actively Translated Open Reading Frames with Ribosome Profiling Data

Published on: February 18, 2022

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How tailored Ribo-seq methods probe unique translation events.

James Marks1, Sezen Meydan2,3,4

  • 1Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA.

RNA (New York, N.Y.)
|December 15, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Ribosome profiling (Ribo-seq) advances map ribosome positions on mRNA, offering insights into translation. New techniques reveal diverse ribosome populations and their roles in eukaryotic gene expression.

Keywords:
Ribo-seqnext-generation sequencingribosomeribosome profilingtranslation regulation

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Genome-wide Quantification of Translation in Budding Yeast by Ribosome Profiling
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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics
  • Translational Control

Background:

  • Ribosome profiling (Ribo-seq) is a high-resolution technique for mapping ribosome positions on mRNA.
  • It serves as a proxy for global translational activity, showing where ribosomes interact with mRNA.
  • Understanding translation is crucial for deciphering gene expression regulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review key innovations in Ribo-seq technology.
  • To discuss how these advances deepen the understanding of translational control.
  • To highlight new insights into spatial, temporal, and regulatory dimensions of translation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent methodological advancements in Ribo-seq.
  • Analysis of Ribo-seq applications for resolving distinct ribosome populations.
  • Discussion of Ribo-seq's utility in diverse eukaryotic systems.

Main Results:

  • Ribo-seq has been refined to resolve specific ribosome populations (initiating, collided, mitochondrial).
  • Methodological advances enable mapping ribosomes in subcellular compartments and with specific factors.
  • These innovations broaden the scope of Ribo-seq for studying translational regulation.

Conclusions:

  • Recent Ribo-seq innovations significantly enhance the study of translational control.
  • The technique provides deeper insights into the molecular mechanisms governing translation.
  • Ribo-seq is a powerful tool for exploring the spatial, temporal, and regulatory aspects of gene expression.