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Evaluating Postural Control and Lower-extremity Muscle Activation in Individuals with Chronic Ankle Instability
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Axial muscle activation provides stabilization against perturbations while running.

Alicia M Boynton1, Takara E Truong2, Nathaniel G Luttmer2

  • 1School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.

Human Movement Science
|May 10, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Athletes can brace for impacts by activating core muscles when given a warning before a sudden perturbation. This voluntary muscle activation reduces body displacement and head acceleration, enhancing sports injury prevention.

Keywords:
Bracing and stabilizationCore musculatureWarned versus unwarned perturbations

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Neuroscience
  • Sports Medicine

Background:

  • Traumatic brain injuries are a significant risk in sports due to unexpected impacts.
  • Lack of muscular activation during sudden impacts may increase injury severity.
  • Protective bracing through muscle activation is crucial for mitigating impact forces.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of warnings on axial muscle activation and body's response to perturbations.
  • To determine if anticipatory muscle bracing reduces head displacement and acceleration.
  • To examine the influence of perturbation timing (stance vs. flight phase) on muscle response.

Main Methods:

  • Participants ran on a treadmill while experiencing fore-aft and lateral waist perturbations.
  • Audio-visual warnings were provided in half of the trials (warned) and omitted in the other half (unwarned).
  • Axial muscle activity (cervical, abdominal) and head kinematics were monitored during perturbations at stance and flight phases.

Main Results:

  • Warned trials showed significantly less body displacement and head linear acceleration compared to unwarned trials.
  • Perturbations increased axial muscle activity, with cervical and abdominal muscles showing heightened responses.
  • Warnings led to reduced reflexive muscle activity, and warnings were more effective during the flight phase.

Conclusions:

  • Anticipatory activation of axial muscles in response to warnings provides protective bracing.
  • This neuromuscular strategy effectively reduces head injury risk from unexpected impacts in sports.
  • Understanding warning effects on muscle activation can inform injury prevention strategies.