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Unlike ionic or small covalent molecules, polymers do not form crystalline solids due to the diffusion limitations of their long-chain structures. However, polymers contain microscopic crystalline domains separated by amorphous domains.
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Polymerization generates chiral centers along the entire backbone of a polymer chain. Accordingly, the stereochemistry of the substituent group has a significant effect on polymer properties. Polymers formed from monosubstituted alkene monomers feature chiral carbons at every alternate position in the polymer backbone. Relative to the predominant orientation of substituents at the adjacent chiral carbons, the polymer can exist in three different configurations: isotactic, syndiotactic, and...
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Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
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Shape-Morphing Liquid-Crystal polymers.

Dachuan Zhang1, Chenrui Yuan1, Yang Zhou1

  • 1CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Anhui Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China.

Chemistry (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|May 11, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Liquid-crystal polymers offer controllable shape-morphing capabilities due to their unique phase transitions. This review explores recent advancements in designing and applying these shape-morphing liquid-crystal polymers.

Keywords:
liquid-crystal polymersshape-morphingsoft robotssupramolecular

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Science
  • Materials Science
  • Materials Chemistry

Background:

  • Liquid-crystal polymers (LCPs) integrate liquid crystal order-disorder transitions with polymer properties.
  • Their phase transitions enable large, controllable, and reversible polymer deformation.
  • LCPs are prime candidates for advanced shape-morphing materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent developments in shape-morphing liquid-crystal polymers.
  • To discuss energy conversion modes, material design strategies, and applications.
  • To highlight novel design methods and diverse applications of LCPs.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent scientific literature on shape-morphing LCPs.
  • Analysis of energy conversion mechanisms in LCPs.
  • Synthesis and characterization of novel LCP materials.

Main Results:

  • Identification of key material design strategies for enhanced shape-morphing.
  • Documentation of various energy conversion modes driving LCP deformation.
  • Exploration of a wide spectrum of applications for these smart materials.

Conclusions:

  • Shape-morphing LCPs represent a significant advancement in responsive materials.
  • Novel design approaches are expanding the potential applications of LCPs.
  • Continued research promises further innovations in LCP-based shape-morphing technologies.