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Nucleic Acid Structure01:25

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The pentose sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, while in RNA the pentose sugar is ribose. The difference between the sugars is the presence of the hydroxyl group on the ribose's second carbon and a hydrogen on the deoxyribose's second carbon. The phosphate residue attaches to the hydroxyl group of the 5′ carbon of one sugar and the hydroxyl group of the 3′ carbon of the sugar of the next nucleotide, which forms  a 5′ to 3′ phosphodiester linkage.
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The basic structure of RNA consists of a string of ribonucleotides attached by phosphodiester bonds. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
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Aptamers as Functional Modules for DNA Nanostructures.

Simon Chi-Chin Shiu1, Andrew B Kinghorn1, Wei Guo2

  • 1School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|May 11, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

DNA nanostructures offer precise control for biomedical applications. Aptamer-enabled DNA nanostructures provide stable, cost-effective molecular recognition for diagnostics and therapeutics.

Keywords:
AptamersAtomic force microscopyBioanalytical sensorsBiophysical assaysCircular dichroismDNA nanostructuresDroplet microfluidic SELEXTransmission electron microscopy

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Nanotechnology
  • Molecular Engineering
  • Synthetic Biology

Background:

  • DNA's Watson-Crick base-pairing enables precise nanoscale fabrication.
  • DNA nanostructures offer superior control over shape and conformation compared to other nanoparticles.
  • Nucleic acid aptamers can be integrated with DNA nanostructures for versatile biomolecule recognition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To detail methodologies for synthesizing and characterizing aptamer-enabled DNA nanostructures.
  • To provide a generalizable framework for creating diverse DNA nanostructures.
  • To highlight the advantages of aptamer-DNA nanostructures for biomedical applications.

Main Methods:

  • DNA nanostructure synthesis using established protocols.
  • Aptamer conjugation strategies for functionalization.
  • Characterization techniques including microscopy and binding assays.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated successful synthesis and characterization of aptamer-enabled DNA nanostructures.
  • Validated the versatility of the described methodologies for various designs.
  • Showcased the potential for broad applications in diagnostics and therapeutics.

Conclusions:

  • Aptamer-enabled DNA nanostructures represent a powerful platform for biomedical nanotechnology.
  • The provided methodologies facilitate the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic tools.
  • This approach offers advantages in stability, synthesis, and cost over traditional antibody-based methods.