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Acute Cardiovascular Complications of COVID-19: A Systematic Review

Oluwaremilekun Tolu-Akinnawo1, Frank Adusei Poku1, Thomas Elimihele1

  • 1Internal Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, USA.

Cureus
|May 11, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) can cause acute cardiovascular complications, including myocardial infarction and arrhythmias. Patients with hypertension and diabetes face higher risks, necessitating vigilance for cardiac issues in COVID-19 patients.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with diverse organ system complications beyond respiratory effects.
  • The cardiac implications of COVID-19 are a significant area of clinical and research interest.
  • Understanding acute cardiovascular complications and their predictors is crucial for patient management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the acute cardiovascular complications associated with COVID-19.
  • To identify potential predictors of these cardiovascular events.
  • To provide an updated understanding of COVID-19's impact on the cardiovascular system.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review and analysis of 97 articles.
  • Included various study designs: case reports, case series, retrospective and prospective cohort studies, and cross-sectional studies.
  • Focused on mechanisms, risk factors, and types of acute cardiovascular complications.

Main Results:

  • Cytokine-induced inflammation and direct cardiac damage are key proposed mechanisms.
  • Hypertension and diabetes mellitus are significant risk factors for acute cardiovascular complications and severe COVID-19 outcomes.
  • Acute myocardial infarction and arrhythmias were the most frequent complications, alongside myocarditis, takotsubo syndrome, thromboembolic events, and pericardial issues.

Conclusions:

  • COVID-19 presents a substantial risk for acute cardiovascular complications.
  • Prompt recognition and management are vital, especially in patients with pre-existing cardiovascular conditions.
  • High clinical suspicion for cardiac involvement is essential in managing COVID-19 patients with risk factors.

Keywords:
acute myocardial infarctcovid 19covid and heartcovid-19-induced arrhythmiacovid-induced myocarditispericardial tamponadetakotsubo cardiomyopathythrombotic complications of covid-19viral pericarditis

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