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Controlled processes in human consciousness represent high-alert mental states where individuals deliberately focus their attention on achieving specific goals. Controlled processes can be seen in situations like mastering new technology, where a person might become so absorbed that they ignore surrounding distractions. Such processes involve selective attention, requiring one to concentrate on particular elements of experience while disregarding others. These are governed by executive...
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A Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate Interference in Working Memory by Distractions and Interruptions
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Commonalities between mind wandering and task-set switching: An event-related potential study.

Yi-Sheng Wong1, Narun Pat2, Liana Machado1

  • 1Department of Psychology and Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand; Brain Research New Zealand, Auckland, New Zealand.

Neuropsychologia
|May 11, 2023
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Summary

Mind wandering does not impair task-switching performance. Electrophysiological signatures (ERPs) suggest mind wandering and task-switching share similar executive control processes, challenging previous assumptions.

Keywords:
Exogenous switchingMental flexibilityMental set shiftingP300Task-unrelated thoughts

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Previous studies indicate mind wandering doesn't hinder task-switching.
  • The neural underpinnings of mind wandering during task performance remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the electrophysiological effects of mind wandering during a task-switching paradigm.
  • Examine event-related potentials (ERPs) associated with mind wandering and task switching.

Main Methods:

  • 22 young adults performed a task-switching task with continuous electroencephalography (EEG) recording.
  • Mind wandering was assessed using end-of-block thought probes.
  • Event-related potentials (ERPs) were analyzed during switch trials.

Main Results:

  • No significant disruption of task-switching performance by mind wandering was observed.
  • Higher P3 amplitude in event-related potentials (ERPs) was found for mind-wandering switch trials compared to on-task switch trials at posterior electrode sites (P3, Pz, P4).

Conclusions:

  • Findings suggest that mind wandering and task-set switching may involve overlapping executive control mechanisms.
  • Increased P3 amplitude supports a role for switching processes in the generation of mind wandering.