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Updated: Jul 30, 2025

Preparation of Binary and Ternary Deep Eutectic Systems

Preparation of Binary and Ternary Deep Eutectic Systems

Published on: October 31, 2019

Polymer-embedded deep eutectic solvents (PEDES) as a novel bio-enabling formulation approach.

Shaida Panbachi¹, Josef Beranek², Martin Kuentz³

¹University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwest. Switzerland, Institute of Pharma Technology Hofackerstr. 30, Muttenz CH-4132, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, Basel 4056, Switzerland.

European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences : Official Journal of the European Federation for Pharmaceutical Sciences

|May 11, 2023

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This study introduces polymer-embedded deep eutectic systems (PEDES) to prevent drug precipitation. These novel formulations enhance oral delivery of poorly soluble drugs, achieving significant supersaturation.

Area of Science:

Pharmaceutical Sciences
Materials Science
Chemical Engineering

Background:

Deep eutectic solvents (DES) show promise for delivering poorly water-soluble drugs.
Drug precipitation after oral administration remains a challenge for DES formulations.
Novel formulation strategies are needed to improve oral bioavailability.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a polymer-embedded deep eutectic system (PEDES) as a new bio-enabling formulation principle.
To investigate the potential of PEDES in preventing drug precipitation and achieving supersaturation.
To evaluate PEDES using a model poorly water-soluble drug.

Main Methods:

Formulation screening to identify optimal PEDES composition.
Preparation of PEDES using polyvinyl pyrrolidone K30 (PVP) in a L-carnitine:ethylene glycol DES.

Keywords:

Deep eutectic solvents Enabling formulation(s)Low transition-temperature mixtures Molecular dynamics simulation(s)Precipitation inhibition Solubilizing carrier

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Characterization of drug solubility, supersaturation factor, and release kinetics.

Inclusion of molecular dynamics simulations for formulation analysis.

Main Results:

A stable PEDES formulation was successfully created using 15% PVP in L-carnitine:ethylene glycol DES.
High indomethacin solubility (175.6 mg/mL) was achieved within the DES.
A maximum supersaturation factor of 9.8 was recorded upon release, with a "parachute effect" observed in release kinetics.

Conclusions:

PEDES represents a viable and novel formulation approach for supersaturating drug delivery systems.
This strategy effectively addresses drug precipitation issues associated with DES.
Further research is warranted to explore the full therapeutic potential of PEDES.