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Related Concept Videos

The Endoplasmic Reticulum01:43

The Endoplasmic Reticulum

15.0K
The endoplasmic reticulum or ER makes up for more than half of the membranes in a cell and accounts for 10% of total cell volume. It is also the primary protein and lipid synthesis factory for most cell organelles, such as the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, secretory vesicles, and the plasma membrane. Despite being the most extensive and functionally complex subcellular organelle, ER was the last to be discovered. After years of deliberation, Keith Porter and George Palade in the year 1954,...
15.0K
Endoplasmic Reticulum01:39

Endoplasmic Reticulum

95.3K
The Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) in eukaryotic cells is a substantial network of interconnected membranes with diverse functions, from calcium storage to biomolecule synthesis. A primary component of the endomembrane system, the ER manufactures phospholipids critical for membrane function throughout the cell. Additionally, the two distinct regions of the ER specialize in the manufacture of specific lipids and proteins.
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Distribution of Cytoplasmic Content02:33

Distribution of Cytoplasmic Content

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Cytokinesis segregates a cell’s chromosomes and organelles into its daughter cells. Organelles divide and grow prior to cell division but cannot be synthesized de novo; therefore, cells must receive at least one copy of each organelle to survive. Currently, many of the details of how the organelles are distributed are not yet fully elucidated.
Distribution of cytoplasmic determinants
The cytoplasm contains various organelles, as well as salts, proteins, and water. The distribution of...
4.2K
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum01:21

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

5.9K
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum or smooth ER is a sub-organelle with specialized functions in animal cells and plant cells. It is often associated with the tubule morphology of the endoplasmic reticulum.
The ER provides optimal conditions for synthesizing steroid hormones and lipids, such as phospholipids and triglycerides. Traditionally, lipid metabolism was considered to be a smooth ER function. However, there is no direct evidence to prove that rough ER is completely excluded from lipid...
5.9K
Oogenesis01:22

Oogenesis

1.9K
Oogenesis,  the process of developing egg cells (female gametes), occurs within the ovaries and is fundamental to female fertility. This sequence begins during fetal development when diploid oogonia in the developing ovaries undergo mitotic divisions to produce primary oocytes. By birth, these primary oocytes enter prophase I of meiosis but become arrested in this stage, remaining suspended until puberty.
Each primary oocyte is surrounded by a layer of pre-granulosa cells, forming what is...
1.9K
ER Retrieval Pathway01:45

ER Retrieval Pathway

3.9K
In the secretory pathway, vesicles transport proteins from one cellular compartment to another in forward transport to deliver the protein to its correct location. Occasionally, misfolded proteins and incorrect proteins escape their original compartments, and a retrieval pathway is used to return the escaped proteins to their original compartment.
The ER uses many checkpoints to prevent the entry of incorrectly folded or a resident protein as cargo onto a transport vesicle. These mechanisms...
3.9K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 30, 2025

Visualization of Endoplasmic Reticulum Subdomains in Cultured Cells
16:43

Visualization of Endoplasmic Reticulum Subdomains in Cultured Cells

Published on: February 18, 2014

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Endoplasmic reticulum in oocytes: spatiotemporal distribution and function.

Xin Kang1,2,3,4,5, Jing Wang1,2,3,4,5, Liying Yan6,7

  • 1Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China.

Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics
|May 12, 2023
PubMed
Summary

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is crucial for calcium signaling in oocyte maturation and fertilization. Understanding ER function and stress is vital for improving in vitro maturation and assisted reproductive technologies.

Keywords:
Calcium oscillationsEndoplasmic reticulum (ER)MitochondriaOocyte maturationStress

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Reproductive Biology
  • Organelle Biology

Background:

  • The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) plays a critical role in calcium ion (Ca2+) storage and release, essential for oocyte maturation and fertilization.
  • The ER is a major organelle involved in protein synthesis, lipid metabolism, and calcium signaling, acting as a central regulator of cellular processes.
  • Oocyte development and embryogenesis depend on precise calcium signaling initiated by the ER, alongside coordinated organelle changes during the transition to zygotes.

Conclusions:

  • A comprehensive understanding of ER function in oocytes is essential for advancing reproductive biology.
  • ER stress and its management are key factors in successful oocyte maturation and fertilization.
  • This review provides a foundation for improving assisted reproductive technologies (ART) by addressing ER-related issues.