Genitourinary Cancer: Updates on Treatments and Their Impact on the Kidney

Area of Science:

• Nephrology
• Oncology
• Urology

Background:

• Genitourinary cancers exhibit varied presentation, prevalence, and mortality.
• Medical (immune checkpoint inhibitors, tyrosine kinase inhibitors) and surgical advancements exist for genitourinary cancers.
• Patients face risks of chronic kidney disease, hypertension, and electrolyte imbalances post-treatment.
• Pre-existing kidney disease may elevate the risk for certain genitourinary cancers.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the kidney-related effects of treatments for specific genitourinary cancers.
• To highlight the impact of cancer therapies on renal function and associated complications.

Main Methods:

• Literature review focusing on kidney-related adverse events.
• Analysis of treatment modalities for renal cell carcinoma, bladder cancer, and prostate cancer.
• Synthesis of current evidence on short- and long-term renal complications.

Main Results:

• Genitourinary cancer treatments pose significant risks to kidney health.
• Hypertension, chronic kidney disease, and electrolyte disturbances are common sequelae.
• The interplay between kidney disease and genitourinary cancer development is increasingly recognized.

Conclusions:

• Close monitoring of renal function is crucial for patients undergoing genitourinary cancer treatment.
• Management strategies should address and mitigate kidney-related toxicities.
• Further research is needed to optimize nephroprotective measures in genitourinary oncology.