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L-Theanine and Immunity: A Review.

Shuna Chen1, Jiaxin Kang1, Huanqing Zhu1

  • 1Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.

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L-theanine, an amino acid in tea, enhances immunity and reduces immunosuppression. It plays a key role in regulating immune responses, inflammation, and disease prevention, offering potential health benefits.

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Area of Science:

  • Nutritional Immunology
  • Amino Acid Biochemistry

Background:

  • L-theanine, a primary amino acid in tea leaves, is known for its flavor contribution and health benefits.
  • While its calming effects are well-documented, L-theanine's immunomodulatory properties are less explored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review research on L-theanine's immunoregulatory effects and underlying mechanisms.
  • To explore the application of L-theanine as an immunomodulator in animal production.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical, epidemiological, cell, and animal studies on L-theanine and immunity.
  • Analysis of L-theanine's impact on immune cells, cytokine secretion, and neurotransmitter pathways.

Main Results:

  • L-theanine mitigates exercise-induced immunosuppression and improves resistance to infections like colds and influenza.
  • It regulates inflammation, nerve damage, gut health, and tumor progression via pathways including γδT lymphocyte function and glutathione synthesis.

Conclusions:

  • L-theanine exhibits significant immunomodulatory effects, impacting various physiological processes and disease states.
  • Its potential as an immunomodulator in both human health and animal husbandry warrants further investigation.