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Deciphering the Relationship between SARS-CoV-2 and Cancer.

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Oncoviruses can cause cancer by altering cell metabolism and DNA. While some viruses like HPV and HBV are known carcinogens, SARS-CoV-2

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology and Virology: Investigating the intricate links between viral infections and cancer development.

Background:

  • Certain viruses, termed oncogenic viruses or oncoviruses, are established causes of human cancers.
  • These viruses can induce cancer by disrupting cellular metabolism, compromising genomic stability, inhibiting apoptosis, and promoting cell proliferation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the current understanding of virus-cancer relationships, focusing on proposed biochemical mechanisms.
  • To explore the potential oncogenic role of SARS-CoV-2 and its implications for cancer susceptibility.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on oncogenic viruses and their mechanisms.
  • Analysis of emerging evidence linking SARS-CoV-2 infection to cancer onset and progression.

Main Results:

  • Seven human oncogenic viruses (HPV, HBV, HCV, EBV, HTLV-1, KSHV, MCPyV) are identified, with distinct DNA and RNA viral mechanisms.
  • SARS-CoV-2 may promote cancer by modulating oncogenic pathways, causing inflammation, and affecting cellular processes like metabolism and autophagy.
  • Conversely, SARS-CoV-2 has also shown oncolytic effects and triggered anti-tumor immune responses in some instances.

Conclusions:

  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the complex effects of SARS-CoV-2 and other coronaviruses on cancer susceptibility.
  • Understanding these viral impacts is crucial for developing strategies for cancer prevention and novel therapeutic approaches.