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On the Roles of the Nuclear Non-Coding RNA-Dependent Membrane-Less Organelles in the Cellular Stress Response
Anastasia A Gavrilova1, Anna S Fefilova1, Innokentii E Vishnyakov2
1Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|May 13, 2023
Summary
Biopolymers like intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) and RNA undergo phase transitions, organizing intracellular space. Stress triggers the formation of nuclear A-bodies and stress bodies via liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS).
Area of Science:
- Cell Biology
- Biochemistry
- Molecular Biology
Background:
- The organization of intracellular space has undergone significant conceptual changes.
- Phase transitions of biopolymers, particularly intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) and RNA, are crucial for spatiotemporal organization.
- Stress-induced reorganization of the cell interior is a key area of interest.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the formation, structure, and function of stress-induced membrane-less organelles (MLOs).
- To focus on nuclear A-bodies and nuclear stress bodies as examples of stress-induced MLOs.
- To elucidate the role of liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) in MLO formation.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies on MLOs, IDPs, and RNA.
- Analysis of the mechanisms of liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS).
- Comparison of the composition, properties, and functions of nuclear A-bodies and stress bodies.
Main Results:
- Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) and non-coding RNA drive LLPS, forming MLOs like nuclear A-bodies and stress bodies.
- These organelles, despite similar formation mechanisms, exhibit distinct functional activities and physical properties.
- Stress is a significant factor in the dynamic reorganization of intracellular environments.
Conclusions:
- MLOs are critical for cellular organization, especially under stress conditions.
- LLPS of IDPs and RNA provides a fundamental mechanism for MLO biogenesis.
- Understanding these stress-induced organelles offers insights into cellular resilience and function.
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