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Related Concept Videos

Ferromagnetism01:31

Ferromagnetism

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Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
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Paramagnetism01:30

Paramagnetism

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Paramagnets are materials with unpaired electrons that possess a finite magnetic moment. In the absence of a magnetic field, these moments are randomly oriented, and thus the net moment is zero. Under an external field, a torque acting on the moments tends to align them along the field's direction. However, the random thermal motion of electrons produces a torque opposite to the external field and tries to disorient the moments. These two competing effects align only a few moments along the...
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Colors and Magnetism03:02

Colors and Magnetism

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Color in Coordination Complexes
When atoms or molecules absorb light at the proper frequency, their electrons are excited to higher-energy orbitals. For many main group atoms and molecules, the absorbed photons are in the ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic spectrum, which cannot be detected by the human eye. For coordination compounds, the energy difference between the d orbitals often allows photons in the visible range to be absorbed and emitted, which is seen as colors by the human...
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Diamagnetism01:26

Diamagnetism

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Materials consisting of paired electrons have zero net magnetic moments. However, when these materials are placed under an external magnetic field, the moments opposite to the field are induced. Such materials are called diamagnets. Diamagnetism is the response of the diamagnets when placed in an external magnetic field.
Diamagnetism was discovered by Anton Brugmans in 1778 when he observed that bismuth gets repelled by magnetic fields, thus theorizing that diamagnets get repelled by magnets....
2.5K
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes01:23

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes

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In the absence of an external magnetic field, nuclear spin states are degenerate and randomly oriented. When a magnetic field is applied, the spins begin to precess and orient themselves along (lower energy) or against (higher energy) the direction of the field. At equilibrium, a slight excess population of spins exists in the lower energy state. Because the direction of the magnetic field is fixed as the z-axis,  the precessing magnetic moments are randomly oriented around the z-axis.
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Types Of Superconductors01:28

Types Of Superconductors

1.1K
A superconductor is a substance that offers zero resistance to the electric current when it drops below a critical temperature. Zero resistance is not the only interesting phenomenon as materials reach their transition temperatures. A second effect is the exclusion of magnetic fields. This is known as the Meissner effect. A light, permanent magnet placed over a superconducting sample will levitate in a stable position above the superconductor. High-speed trains that levitate on strong...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 30, 2025

Author Spotlight: Magnetometric Characterization of Intermediates in the Solid-State Electrochemistry of Redox-Active Metal-Organic Frameworks
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Recent Progress for Single-Molecule Magnets Based on Rare Earth Elements.

Xiang Yin1, Li Deng1, Liuxia Ruan2

  • 1Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Material Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
|May 13, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Rare earth single-molecule magnets (SMMs) show promise for spintronics. New terbium and dysprosium SMMs achieve high energy barriers and blocking temperatures above liquid nitrogen boiling point.

Keywords:
magnetismphthalocyaninespreparation technologyrare earth elementssingle-molecule magnets

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Chemistry
  • Physics

Background:

  • Single-molecule magnets (SMMs) are crucial for molecular spintronic devices.
  • Rare earth SMMs offer large magnetic moments and strong magnetic anisotropy, making them highly promising.
  • Recent advancements focus on enhancing magnetic properties for practical applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent progress in rare earth-based SMMs, particularly mononuclear and dinuclear complexes.
  • To highlight the modulation of magnetic anisotropy, effective energy barrier (Ueff), and blocking temperature (TB).
  • To summarize the development of preparation technologies for rare earth SMMs.

Main Methods:

  • Focus on mononuclear and dinuclear rare earth complexes.
  • Analysis of magnetic anisotropy modulation.
  • Evaluation of effective energy barrier (Ueff) and blocking temperature (TB).

Main Results:

  • Terbium- and dysprosium-based SMMs exhibit a Ueff of 1541 cm⁻¹.
  • These SMMs achieve an increased TB of 80 K, surpassing the boiling point of liquid nitrogen.
  • Significant progress in the preparation technology of rare earth SMMs is reported.

Conclusions:

  • Rare earth SMMs, especially Tb- and Dy-based complexes, demonstrate excellent magnetic properties.
  • The achieved blocking temperatures open possibilities for high-temperature molecular magnetism.
  • This review provides insights for designing advanced lanthanide single-molecule magnets (Ln-SMMs).