Evolutionary Progress of Silica Aerogels and Their Classification Based on Composition: An Overview

Area of Science:

• Materials Science
• Nanotechnology
• Chemical Engineering

Background:

• Aerogels are highly porous materials synthesized via sol-gel chemistry.
• Unique properties enable applications in thermal insulation, sensors, and environmental remediation.
• Brittleness and limited scalability hinder widespread adoption of aerogels.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review advancements in aerogel development and classification by chemical composition.
• To discuss methods for tailoring aerogel properties for specific applications.
• To highlight progress in organic, inorganic, and hybrid aerogels.

Main Methods:

• Comprehensive literature review of aerogel synthesis and characterization.
• Classification of aerogels based on network chemical composition.
• Discussion of synthesis routes for organic and hybrid aerogels.

Main Results:

• Recent achievements in organic, inorganic, and hybrid aerogels with notable physical properties.
• Organic aerogels demonstrate promising mechanical strength.
• Challenges remain in enhancing mechanical properties without compromising other characteristics.

Conclusions:

• Developing efficient, low-cost, and sustainable production methods is crucial for aerogel applications.
• Further research is needed to address limitations in organic aerogels.
• The field shows significant potential for future growth and innovation.