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Related Concept Videos

Kinematic Equations for Rotation01:30

Kinematic Equations for Rotation

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In mechanics, when one observes a rigid body in rotational motion with constant angular acceleration, it is possible to establish equations for its rotational kinematics. This process resembles how linear kinematics are dealt with in simpler motion studies.
For instance, imagine a point A on a rigid body engaged in circular motion. The translational velocity of this particular point can be calculated by taking the time derivatives of the displacement equation, which essentially measures the...
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Relative Motion Analysis using Rotating Axes-Problem Solving01:29

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Consider a crane whose telescopic boom rotates with an angular velocity of 0.04 rad/s and angular acceleration of 0.02 rad/s2. Along with the rotation, the boom also extends linearly with a uniform speed of 5 m/s. The extension of the boom is measured at point D, which is measured with respect to the fixed point C on the other end of the boom. For the given instant, the distance between points C and D is 60 meters.
Here, in order to determine the magnitude of velocity and acceleration for point...
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Rotation with Constant Angular Acceleration - I01:37

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If angular acceleration is constant, then we can simplify equations of rotational kinematics, similar to the equations of linear kinematics. This simplified set of equations can be used to describe many applications in physics and engineering where the angular acceleration of a system is constant.
Using our intuition, we can begin to see how rotational quantities such as angular displacement, angular velocity, angular acceleration, and time are related to one another. For example, if a flywheel...
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Angle of Twist: Problem Solving01:13

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An electric motor applies a torque of 700 N·m to an aluminum shaft, triggering a stable rotation. Two pulleys, B and C, are subjected to torques of 300 N·m and 400 N·m, respectively. The modulus of rigidity is provided as 25 GPa. With the knowledge of the length and diameter of each segment, the twist angle between the two pulleys can be computed. First, a section cut is made between pulleys B and C, and the cut cross-section is analyzed using a free-body diagram. Given that the...
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Rotation with Constant Angular Acceleration - II01:16

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Kinematics is the description of motion. The kinematics of rotational motion discusses the relationships between rotation angle, angular velocity, angular acceleration, and time. One can describe many things with great precision using kinematics, but kinematics does not consider causes. For example, a large angular acceleration describes a very rapid change in angular velocity without any consideration of its cause. Thus, rotational kinematics does not represent the laws of nature.
The first...
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Relative Motion Analysis using Rotating Axes - Acceleration01:22

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Consider a component AB undergoing a linear motion. Along with a linear motion, point B also rotates around point A. To comprehend this complex movement, position vectors for both points A and B are established using a stationary reference frame. The absolute velocity of point B is determined by adding the absolute velocity of point A, the relative velocity of point B in the rotating frame, and the effects caused by the angular velocity within the rotating frame.
Time differentiation is...
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Updated: Jul 30, 2025

Design and Application of a Fault Detection Method Based on Adaptive Filters and Rotational Speed Estimation for an Electro-Hydrostatic Actuator
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In-Cylinder Pressure Estimation from Rotational Speed Measurements via Extended Kalman Filter.

Renato Quartullo1, Andrea Garulli1, Antonio Giannitrapani1

  • 1Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazionee Scienze Matematiche, Università di Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|May 13, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces an Extended Kalman Filter method for real-time in-cylinder pressure estimation in combustion engines. The technique accurately reconstructs pressure, detects operating condition changes, and identifies cylinder variations.

Keywords:
Kalman filterin-cylinder pressure estimationinternal combustion engine

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Area of Science:

  • Mechanical Engineering
  • Automotive Engineering
  • Thermodynamics

Background:

  • Accurate in-cylinder pressure estimation is vital for combustion engine diagnostics and control.
  • Existing methods may lack real-time accuracy or robustness across diverse operating conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel real-time in-cylinder pressure estimation scheme for combustion engines.
  • To improve engine control system performance and enable failure detection.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) for pressure estimation.
  • Leveraging engine rotational speed measurements from a phonic wheel sensor.
  • Employing a novel parameterization of combustion pressure based on averaged experimental data.

Main Results:

  • The proposed EKF scheme accurately reconstructs in-cylinder pressure profiles.
  • Achieved a fit performance index exceeding 90% in most validation tests.
  • Successfully tracked changes in engine operating conditions and detected cylinder-to-cylinder variations.

Conclusions:

  • The developed EKF-based method provides a reliable approach for real-time in-cylinder pressure estimation.
  • The technique enhances engine monitoring capabilities, including fault detection and performance optimization.
  • Demonstrated effectiveness on a turbocharged compression ignition engine under various conditions.