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A sleep-induced apneic threshold and its consequences.

J A Dempsey, J B Skatrud

    The American Review of Respiratory Disease
    |June 1, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary

    Sleep disrupts ventilatory control, unmasking a sensitive apneic threshold. This can cause periodic breathing and obstructive apnea, especially in those with upper airway issues, impacting gas exchange.

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    Area of Science:

    • Respiratory Physiology
    • Sleep Medicine
    • Cardiopulmonary Health

    Background:

    • Sleep state significantly impacts ventilatory control.
    • Wakefulness normally stabilizes breathing patterns.
    • Healthy individuals are vulnerable to breathing instabilities during sleep.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To examine sleep's effects on the apneic threshold.
    • To understand sleep-induced breathing instabilities.
    • To explore the role of chemoreceptor stimuli in sleep apnea.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of ventilatory control mechanisms during sleep.
    • Investigation of hypocapnia's depressant effects during sleep.
    • Application of acute hypoxia in individuals with collapsible upper airways.

    Main Results:

    • Sleep unmasks a sensitive apneic threshold, increasing dependence on CO2.
    • Periodic breathing in hypoxic sleep is linked to apneic thresholds and hypoxic responsiveness.
    • Fluctuating chemical stimuli during sleep can trigger obstructive apnea in susceptible individuals.

    Conclusions:

    • Sleep-induced chemoreceptor instability contributes to specific types of sleep apnea.
    • This instability significantly impairs gas exchange and can lead to chronic cor pulmonale.
    • Chemoreceptor-induced instability is not the primary cause of most obstructive sleep apneas.

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