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Suicide in Global Mental Health.

Kathryn L Lovero1, Palmira F Dos Santos2, Amalio X Come2

  • 1Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA.

Current Psychiatry Reports
|May 13, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Suicide rates in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) are lower than in high-income nations, but progress in suicide prevention is slower. LMIC youth face higher suicide attempt rates, highlighting urgent research needs.

Keywords:
EpidemiologyEtiologyLMICSuicidal behaviorsSuicidal thoughts

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Area of Science:

  • Global Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Mental Health Research

Background:

  • Suicide remains a significant global health challenge.
  • Low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) are disproportionately affected by limited research and resources.
  • Understanding suicide dynamics in LMIC is crucial for effective prevention strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent research on suicide epidemiology and etiology in global settings.
  • To highlight findings specifically from under-researched low- and middle-income countries (LMIC).
  • To identify vulnerable populations and data limitations in LMIC suicide research.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of recent scientific literature.
  • Focus on epidemiological and etiological studies of suicide.
  • Analysis of data from low- and middle-income countries.

Main Results:

  • Suicide prevalence in LMIC adults is generally lower than in high-income countries, but reduction rates lag.
  • Youth in LMIC exhibit significantly higher rates of suicide attempts compared to their high-income counterparts.
  • Vulnerable groups in LMIC include females, individuals with psychiatric disorders, those with HIV, LGBTQ+ individuals, and those with poor socioeconomic status.

Conclusions:

  • Despite lower overall prevalence, suicide prevention gains are slower in LMIC.
  • Urgent need for more rigorous and extensive research to understand and address suicide in LMIC.
  • Targeted interventions are necessary for highly vulnerable populations within LMIC.