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Telomere Length and Telomerase Activity; A Yin and Yang of Cell Senescence
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Translating the telomeres.

Mariarosaria De Rosa1, Patricia L Opresko2

  • 1Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.

Trends in Genetics : TIG
|May 13, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Telomeres produce long noncoding RNA (TERRA), which can now be shown to code for dipeptide proteins via repeat-associated non-ATG (RAN) translation. This discovery reveals a novel pathway for telomere influence on cellular processes.

Keywords:
RAN translationTERRAtelomeres

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • RNA Biology

Background:

  • Telomeres, the protective caps of chromosomes, are transcribed into long noncoding telomeric repeat-containing RNA (TERRA).
  • The functional roles of TERRA have been primarily understood as non-coding.
  • Previous research did not indicate a protein-coding capacity for TERRA.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential for TERRA to be translated into proteins.
  • To explore novel functions of telomeric repeat-containing RNA (TERRA).
  • To uncover new mechanisms linking telomeres to cellular function.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of TERRA transcripts for coding potential.
  • Investigation of repeat-associated non-ATG (RAN) translation of TERRA.
  • Experimental validation of dipeptide protein production from TERRA.

Main Results:

  • Evidence suggests TERRA can undergo repeat-associated non-ATG (RAN) translation.
  • TERRA was shown to code for specific dipeptide repeat proteins, including valine-arginine (VR) and glycine-leucine (GL).
  • This indicates a previously unrecognized protein-coding function for TERRA.

Conclusions:

  • Telomeric repeat-containing RNA (TERRA) can be translated into functional dipeptide repeat proteins.
  • Repeat-associated non-ATG (RAN) translation provides a mechanism for TERRA protein production.
  • This finding opens new avenues for understanding telomere biology and its impact on cellular function.