Circadian glucocorticoids throughout development

Area of Science:

• Endocrinology
• Chronobiology
• Developmental Biology

Background:

• Glucocorticoids (GCs) are vital for mammalian tissue growth and maturation, particularly during the perinatal period.
• The developing circadian clock is significantly influenced by maternal GCs, with disruptions leading to long-term health consequences.
• In adults, GCs are key hormonal outputs of the circadian system, regulating metabolism and behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review current knowledge on the development of the circadian system, emphasizing the role of glucocorticoid (GC) rhythm.
• To explore the molecular and systemic bidirectional interactions between GCs and circadian clocks.
• To discuss the influence of GCs on the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) master clock during development and in adulthood.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of existing research on glucocorticoids and circadian rhythms.
• Analysis of molecular and systemic interactions between GCs and biological clocks.
• Examination of evidence for GC influence on the SCN master clock.

Main Results:

• Maternal GCs are critical in shaping the developing circadian clock.
• GC rhythm disruptions during development can lead to persistent effects later in life.
• GCs interact bidirectionally with circadian clocks at multiple levels, influencing the SCN.

Conclusions:

• GC rhythm is a crucial factor in the development and function of the mammalian circadian system.
• Understanding the GC-circadian axis is essential for addressing developmental and adult health issues.
• GCs play a significant role in synchronizing physiological processes throughout the day via the SCN.