Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 30, 2025
11:32
Following in Real Time the Impact of Pneumococcal Virulence Factors in an Acute Mouse Pneumonia Model Using Bioluminescent Bacteria
Published on: February 23, 2014
15.1K
Risk of Pneumococcal Disease in US Adults by Age and Risk Profile.
Lindsay R Grant1, Aster Meche2, Leah McGrath2
1Medical Development & Scientific/Clinical Affairs, Pfizer Vaccines, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, USA.
Open Forum Infectious Diseases
|May 14, 2023
Summary
Older adults and those with immunocompromising conditions face a significantly higher risk of pneumococcal disease. This study quantifies this increased risk in the US adult population.
Area of Science:
- Infectious Diseases
- Epidemiology
- Public Health
Background:
- Pneumococcal disease risk is influenced by age and pre-existing medical conditions in adults.
- Quantifying this risk is crucial for targeted prevention strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess the risk of pneumococcal disease in US adults between 2016-2019.
- To compare disease risk between adults with and without specific medical conditions.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective cohort study utilizing de-identified health claims data.
- Estimated incidence rates of pneumococcal disease (all-cause pneumonia, invasive pneumococcal disease, pneumococcal pneumonia) by age and medical condition.
- Calculated rate ratios comparing adults with risk conditions to healthy counterparts.
Main Results:
- Pneumococcal disease rates increased significantly with age.
- Adults with chronic medical conditions had 2.9-3.3 times higher risk compared to healthy adults.
- Adults with immunocompromising conditions had 4.2-5.8 times higher risk, with similar trends for invasive pneumococcal disease and pneumococcal pneumonia.
Conclusions:
- Pneumococcal disease poses a substantial risk to older adults and individuals with specific medical conditions.
- Immunocompromising conditions represent a particularly high-risk factor for pneumococcal disease.
- Conditions like obesity and sleep apnea also elevate pneumococcal disease risk.
Related Concept Videos
01:30Pneumonia I: Introduction
289
Pneumonia is an acute respiratory infection that targets the lungs, specifically the alveoli. These tiny air sacs, essential for oxygen exchange, become engorged with pus and fluid, severely hindering breathing, decreasing oxygen absorption, and causing significant pain and discomfort during respiration.
Risk Factors
Various factors influence the likelihood of developing pneumonia. Age plays a crucial role, with infants, children under two, and individuals over 65 at increased risk due to their...
Risk Factors
Various factors influence the likelihood of developing pneumonia. Age plays a crucial role, with infants, children under two, and individuals over 65 at increased risk due to their...
289
01:30Pneumonia V: Nursing management and Prevention
2.3K
Nursing management of pneumonia involves promoting airway patency, facilitating rest and conserving energy, encouraging fluid intake, maintaining nutrition, and educating patients.
The nurse must practice strict medical asepsis and adhere to infection control guidelines to minimize healthcare-associated infections.
Enhance airway patency
Position the patient correctly to facilitate drainage of the affected lung segments. Manual or mechanical percussion and vibration can also be employed....
The nurse must practice strict medical asepsis and adhere to infection control guidelines to minimize healthcare-associated infections.
Enhance airway patency
Position the patient correctly to facilitate drainage of the affected lung segments. Manual or mechanical percussion and vibration can also be employed....
2.3K
01:30Pneumonia III: Complications and Assessment
293
Pneumonia poses the potential for numerous complications that warrant consideration. These complications include the following:
293
01:26Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection
12.1K
The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin...
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin...
12.1K
01:29Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology
368
The pathophysiology of pneumonia involves the following steps:
368
01:12Relative Risk
258
Relative risk (RR) is a statistical measure commonly used in epidemiology to compare the likelihood of a particular event occurring between two groups. This metric is important for evaluating the relationship between exposure to a specific risk factor and the probability of a particular outcome. It plays a crucial role in medical research, public health studies, and risk assessment. Relative risk quantifies how much more (or less) likely an event is to occur in an exposed group compared to an...
258