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Related Concept Videos

Hypersensitivities01:30

Hypersensitivities

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Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
Types of Hypersensitivities
Hypersensitivity reactions are categorized into four types: Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, and Type 4. Each type has a distinct mechanism...
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Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects01:16

Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects

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Insulin-replacement therapy usually includes both long-acting insulin (basal) and short-acting insulin (to cater to postprandial needs). In a diverse group of type 1 diabetes patients, the average daily insulin dose is typically 0.5-0.7 units/kg body weight. However, obese patients and pubertal adolescents may need more due to insulin resistance.
The basal dose constitutes about 40%-50% of the total daily dose, with the rest as premeal insulin. The mealtime insulin dose should mirror...
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Desensitization and Tachyphylaxis01:20

Desensitization and Tachyphylaxis

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Tachyphylaxis is described as a rapid decrease in response to a drug after repeated or continuous administration of the same drug dose. It is a phenomenon where the body becomes less responsive to a particular substance or intervention over time, requiring higher doses or stronger interventions to achieve the same effect. It results from adaptive changes in the body's receptors, signaling pathways, or physiological processes that occur in response to prolonged exposure to a stimulus.
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Allergic Drug Reactions01:27

Allergic Drug Reactions

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Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing...
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Pigmentation01:19

Pigmentation

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The color of the skin is influenced by a number of pigments, including melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin. Recall that melanin is produced by cells called melanocytes, which are found scattered throughout the stratum basale of the epidermis. The melanin is transferred to the keratinocytes via melanosomes.
Melanin occurs in two primary forms: eumelanin that provides black and brown pigment and pheomelanin that provides red color. Dark-skinned individuals produce more melanin than those with pale...
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A Suction Blister Protocol to Study Human T-cell Recall Responses In Vivo
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Delayed Hyperpigmented Injection Site Reactions Due to Chronic Dupilumab Use.

Curtis S Pacheco1, Kevin M White2

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, San Antonio Uniformed Services Health Education Consortium, Fort Sam Houston, USA.

Cureus
|May 14, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Dupilumab treats several conditions, but can cause skin reactions. This case study details delayed hyperpigmented injection site reactions from long-term dupilumab use.

Keywords:
atypical biologic injection site reactiondelayed biologic injection site reactiondelayed dupilumab injection site reactiondupilumab dermatologic reactiondupilumab hyperpigmented reaction

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Dermatology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Dupilumab is a monoclonal antibody targeting IL-4 and IL-13 signaling pathways.
  • It is approved for treating conditions like atopic dermatitis, asthma, and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP).
  • While generally well-tolerated, cutaneous adverse reactions have been reported.

Observation:

  • The case involves a patient experiencing delayed hyperpigmented injection site reactions.
  • These reactions occurred following chronic administration of dupilumab.
  • The observed reactions were characterized by changes in skin pigmentation at the injection sites.

Findings:

  • Delayed hyperpigmentation at injection sites is a potential, albeit less common, adverse reaction to dupilumab.
  • This finding expands the known spectrum of cutaneous side effects associated with dupilumab therapy.
  • The presentation suggests a possible delayed hypersensitivity or inflammatory response.

Implications:

  • Clinicians should be aware of delayed hyperpigmented injection site reactions as a possible side effect of long-term dupilumab use.
  • Further investigation may be warranted to elucidate the exact mechanism behind these delayed cutaneous reactions.
  • This case highlights the importance of monitoring for diverse dermatological side effects during biologic therapy.