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Spin in the Abstracts of Meta-analyses and Systematic Reviews: Quadriceps Tendon Graft for Anterior Cruciate Ligament
Matthew T Gulbrandsen1, Taha M Taka2, Joshua G Peterson3
1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA.
Background:
Spin is a reporting bias that misrepresents research. Ultimately it can affect surgeon decision making and patient care. Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is common, but debate continues over optimal treatment modalities.
Purpose:
To identify the prevalence of spin in meta-analysis and systematic review abstracts regarding the treatment of ACL injuries with quadriceps tendon graft.
Study Design:
Cross-sectional study.
Methods:
Electronic libraries (MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, Google Scholar) were searched for meta-analyses and systematic reviews regarding the treatment of ACL tears with quadriceps tendon graft. The 9 most severe types of spin commonly found in abstracts were used as an evaluation tool to assess the articles. Two reviewers each performed a blinded assessment of each article for spin. A third reviewer helped after review was done to address any discrepancies between the original reviewers. Further evaluation included year of publication, number of citations, journal impact factor, and A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews 2 (AMSTAR-2) score.
Results:
The electronic database search resulted in 986 articles, of which 13 met our inclusion criteria. After review, we found that 53.8% (7/13) of the included articles contained 1 of the 9 most severe forms of spin. Of the 13 articles, 15.4% (n = 2) contained 2 types of spin, and 38.5% (n = 5) contained 1 type of spin. No studies contained ≥3 types of spin. Of the types of spin evaluated, the most prevalent (n = 4; 30.8%) was type 3 ("selective reporting of or overemphasis on efficacy outcomes or analysis favoring the beneficial effect of the experimental intervention"). All studies, regardless of the presence of spin, were found to be low or critically low quality according to the AMSTAR-2 assessment.
Conclusion:
This study demonstrated the presence of spin in 53.8% of meta-analysis and systematic review abstracts pertaining to quadriceps tendon graft for ACL reconstruction. Orthopaedic surgeons should learn to recognize spin as they review articles when deciding the treatment course for ACL injuries. Additionally, strict criteria should be considered to reduce the prevalence of spin in orthopaedic literature.
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