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The term ribozyme is used for RNA that can act as an enzyme. Ribozymes are mainly found in selected viruses, bacteria, plant organelles, and lower eukaryotes. Ribozymes were first discovered in 1982 when Tom Cech’s laboratory observed Group I introns acting as enzymes. This was shortly followed by the discovery of another ribozyme, Ribonulcease P, by Sid Altman’s laboratory. Both Cech and Altman received the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1989 for their work on ribozymes.
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A Hairpin Ribozyme Derived Spliceozyme.

Jikang Zhu1, Robert Hieronymus1, Sabine Müller1

  • 1Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Strasse 4, 17487, Greifswald, Germany.

Chembiochem : a European Journal of Chemical Biology
|May 15, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a novel spliceozyme for RNA splicing, mimicking early life processes. This small RNA molecule can restructure RNA and regulate DNA enzymes, demonstrating complex RNA processing dynamics.

Keywords:
cleavagehairpin ribozymeligationspliceozymesplicing

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Origin of Life
  • RNA World Hypothesis

Background:

  • Modern RNA splicing relies on the spliceosome for precise intron removal from pre-mRNAs.
  • The mechanisms of early RNA splicing in primitive life forms remain largely unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and model a potential RNA splicing mechanism from early life.
  • To investigate the functional capabilities of small RNAs in ancient biological systems.

Main Methods:

  • Design of a hairpin ribozyme-derived spliceozyme.
  • Demonstration of the spliceozyme mediating two RNA cleavages and one ligation.
  • Assessment of the intron's downstream regulatory function on a bipartite DNAzyme.

Main Results:

  • The spliceozyme successfully excised an intron from a parent RNA and ligated the exons.
  • The released intron acted as a positive regulator for a bipartite DNAzyme's activity.
  • This demonstrates small RNAs performing complex RNA processing and downstream regulation.

Conclusions:

  • A simplified model for early RNA splicing involving a spliceozyme is presented.
  • Small RNAs could have been central to RNA processing and generating novel phenotypes.
  • This highlights the potential for ancient small RNAs to influence downstream molecular processes.