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An Evolutionary Concept Analysis in People With Heart Failure-Symptom Clusters or Symptom Cluster Profiles?
Zequan Wang1, Samantha Conley, Nancy S Redeker
1Author Affiliations University of Connecticut School of Nursing, Storrs (Ms Wang and Drs Redeker and Tocchi); and The Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (Dr Conley).
Abstract:
The concept of symptom clusters in heart failure (HF) has been defined and measured inconsistently. We used Rodgers' evolutionary method to review related concepts in the HF literature. Symptom clusters and symptom cluster profiles are characterized by multiple symptoms, a synergistic relationship, and result in a myriad of poor outcomes. Researchers should carefully consider the conceptual differences underpinning symptom clusters and symptom cluster profiles and choose the appropriate concept aligned with their research questions, empirical methods, and target HF population.
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