Scoping Review of Population-Based Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior in Saudi Arabia

Area of Science:

• Public Health
• Epidemiology
• Behavioral Science

Background:

• Saudi Arabia's built environment is rapidly developing, prompting policy changes to boost physical activity (PA) and reduce sedentary behavior (SB).
• Understanding current population levels of PA and SB is essential for public health strategies in Saudi Arabia.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically review and summarize population levels of physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) in Saudi Arabia.
• To provide an evidence base for national strategies promoting healthier lifestyles.

Main Methods:

• A systematic scoping review was conducted using 6 databases, searching for studies from 2018 to December 2021.
• Included were population-based studies in Saudi Arabia measuring PA/SB, published in English or Arabic.
• Nineteen cross-sectional studies, primarily using self-reported data, were included, covering age groups from 6 to 75 years.

Main Results:

• A significant majority of children and adolescents (80-90%) did not meet daily moderate-to-vigorous PA guidelines.
• High screen time (50-80% exceeding 2 hours/day) and sedentary behavior were prevalent among youth.
• Adults showed insufficient PA (50-95%) and prolonged sitting time (approx. 5 hours/day).
• Limited population-based data were available for children under 10 and adults over 75.

Conclusions:

• A substantial proportion of the Saudi population fails to meet PA recommendations and exhibits excessive SB.
• Continuous population-based surveillance across all age groups is recommended.
• Findings can inform targeted interventions and prioritize national strategies for PA and SB improvement.