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More complex incidental bidirectional naming results from exposure alone.

Kelly Kleinert-Ventresca1, R Douglas Greer1, Lauren Baldonado1

  • 1Teachers College and Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Columbia University, United States.

Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior
|May 15, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Children learn names of objects through observation alone, a process called incidental bidirectional naming (Inc-BiN). Familiar-type stimuli aid Inc-BiN more than nonfamiliar-type stimuli, but interventions can improve learning for nonfamiliar items.

Keywords:
conditioned reinforcement stimulus controlderived relational respondingincidental bidirectional naming (Inc-BiN)incidental language acquisition

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Psychology
  • Child Language Acquisition
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Incidental bidirectional naming (Inc-BiN) describes children learning object names as both listener and speaker through observation.
  • Stimulus characteristics influence Inc-BiN performance, prompting further investigation into these effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare children's untaught listener and speaker responses for familiar-type versus nonfamiliar-type stimuli.
  • To examine the effectiveness of a repeated-probe intervention in inducing Inc-BiN for nonfamiliar-type stimuli.

Main Methods:

  • Experiment 1: 20 first-graders observed 5 stimuli (familiar-type vs. nonfamiliar-type) with names, then responded as listener/speaker.
  • Experiment 2: 6 first-graders with unidirectional naming received a repeated-probe intervention (nonfamiliar-type only vs. nonfamiliar- and familiar-type stimuli).

Main Results:

  • Participants in Experiment 1 performed significantly better with familiar-type stimuli.
  • Both intervention conditions in Experiment 2 were effective in establishing Inc-BiN for nonfamiliar-type stimuli.

Conclusions:

  • Stimulus familiarity is a key factor in incidental bidirectional naming.
  • Targeted interventions can enhance Inc-BiN for novel, nonfamiliar items, offering insights into learning mechanisms.